Judyta Nowak1, Barbara Borkowska2, Boguslaw Pawlowski1. 1. Department of Human Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-138, Wroclaw, Poland. 2. Department of Human Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-138, Wroclaw, Poland. barbara.borkowska@antropo.uni.wroc.pl.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Total leukocyte count (white blood cells-WBC) and the count of each subpopulation vary across the menstrual cycle, but results of studies examining the time and direction of these changes are inconsistent and methodologically flawed. Besides, no previous study focused on leukocyte count on the day of ovulation. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from 37 healthy and regularly cycling women aged 19.8-36.1 years. Samples were taken three times: during menstruation (M), ovulation (O), and in the mid-luteal phase (ML). WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mixed cells, progesterone (P,) and estradiol (E) were measured in each of the three target phases of the cycle. RESULTS: Compared to menstruation, WBC (P = 0.002) and neutrophils (P < 0.001) increased around ovulation and remained stable in the mid-luteal phase, whereas lymphocyte and mixed cell counts did not change throughout the menstrual cycle. There were some correlations of sex hormone variation with leukocyte changes between M and O (positive for E and WBC, negative for P and WBC and for P and neutrophil count; P < 0.05), but not between O and ML. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral leukocyte changes taking place in the second half of the cycle are already observable on the day of ovulation and they are associated with sex hormone variation. We speculate that these changes may lead to increased immune protection against pathogens at a time when fertilization and implantation typically occur. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:721-728, 2016.
OBJECTIVES: Total leukocyte count (white blood cells-WBC) and the count of each subpopulation vary across the menstrual cycle, but results of studies examining the time and direction of these changes are inconsistent and methodologically flawed. Besides, no previous study focused on leukocyte count on the day of ovulation. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from 37 healthy and regularly cycling women aged 19.8-36.1 years. Samples were taken three times: during menstruation (M), ovulation (O), and in the mid-luteal phase (ML). WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mixed cells, progesterone (P,) and estradiol (E) were measured in each of the three target phases of the cycle. RESULTS: Compared to menstruation, WBC (P = 0.002) and neutrophils (P < 0.001) increased around ovulation and remained stable in the mid-luteal phase, whereas lymphocyte and mixed cell counts did not change throughout the menstrual cycle. There were some correlations of sex hormone variation with leukocyte changes between M and O (positive for E and WBC, negative for P and WBC and for P and neutrophil count; P < 0.05), but not between O and ML. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral leukocyte changes taking place in the second half of the cycle are already observable on the day of ovulation and they are associated with sex hormone variation. We speculate that these changes may lead to increased immune protection against pathogens at a time when fertilization and implantation typically occur. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:721-728, 2016.
Authors: Yong Qin; Geber Peña; Patrick Morcillo; Sukhwinder Singh; Anne C Mosenthal; David H Livingston; Zoltan Spolarics Journal: Shock Date: 2020-04 Impact factor: 3.533
Authors: Cindy Adapen; Louis Réot; Natalia Nunez; Claude Cannou; Romain Marlin; Julien Lemaître; Léo d'Agata; Emmanuel Gilson; Eric Ginoux; Roger Le Grand; Marie-Thérèse Nugeyre; Elisabeth Menu Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2022-03-25 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Lachlan M Moldenhauer; Min Jin; Jasmine J Wilson; Ella S Green; David J Sharkey; Mark D Salkeld; Thomas C Bristow; M Louise Hull; Gustaaf A Dekker; Sarah A Robertson Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2022-09-01 Impact factor: 5.051
Authors: Elisabeth Hummel; Magdeldin Elgizouli; Maurizio Sicorello; Elsa Leitão; Jasmin Beygo; Christopher Schröder; Michael Zeschnigk; Svenja Müller; Stephan Herpertz; Dirk Moser; Henrik Kessler; Bernhard Horsthemke; Robert Kumsta Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-10-17 Impact factor: 4.996