Pressure of a gas of underdamped active dumbbells.

The pressure exerted on a wall by a gas at equilibrium does not depend on the shape of the confining potential defining the walls. In contrast, it has been shown recently [A. P. Solon et al., Nat. Phys. 11, 673 (2015)] that a gas of overdamped active particles exerts on a wall a force that depends on the confining potential, resulting in a net force on an asymmetric wall between two chambers at equal densities. Here, considering a model of underdamped self-propelled dumbbells in two dimensions, we study how the behavior of the pressure depends on the damping coefficient of the dumbbells, thus exploring inertial effects. We find in particular that the force exerted on a moving wall between two chambers at equal density continuously vanishes at low damping coefficient, and exhibits a complex dependence on the damping coefficient at low density, when collisions are scarce. We further show that this behavior of the pressure can to a significant extent be understood in terms of the trajectories of individual particles close to and in contact with the wall.