T Cadman1, J Findon2, H Eklund2, H Hayward2, D Howley2, C Cheung3, J Kuntsi3, K Glaser4, D Murphy2, P Asherson3. 1. Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK. Electronic address: tim.cadman.12@ucl.ac.uk. 2. Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK. 3. King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK. 4. Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: ADHD in childhood is associated with development of negative psychosocial and behavioural outcomes in adults. Yet, relatively little is known about which childhood and adulthood factors are predictive of these outcomes and could be targets for effective interventions. To date follow-up studies have largely used clinical samples from the United States with children ascertained at baseline using broad criteria for ADHD including all clinical subtypes or the use of DSM III criteria. AIMS: To identify child and adult predictors of comorbid and psychosocial comorbid outcomes in ADHD in a UK sample of children with DSM-IV combined type ADHD. METHOD: One hundred and eighteen adolescents and young adults diagnosed with DSM-IV combined type ADHD in childhood were followed for an average of 6years. Comorbid mental health problems, drug and alcohol use and police contact were compared for those with persistent ADHD, sub-threshold ADHD and population norms taken from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study 2007. Predictors included ADHD symptomology and gender. RESULTS: Persistent ADHD was associated with greater levels of anger, fatigue, sleep problems and anxiety compared to sub-threshold ADHD. Comorbid mental health problems were predicted by current symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not by childhood ADHD severity. Both persistent and sub-threshold ADHD was associated with higher levels of drug use and police contact compared to population norms. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD showed increased rates of comorbid mental health problems, which were predicted by current levels of ADHD symptoms. This suggests the importance of the continuing treatment of ADHD throughout the transitional years and into adulthood. Drug use and police contact were more common in ADHD but were not predicted by ADHD severity in this sample.
BACKGROUND:ADHD in childhood is associated with development of negative psychosocial and behavioural outcomes in adults. Yet, relatively little is known about which childhood and adulthood factors are predictive of these outcomes and could be targets for effective interventions. To date follow-up studies have largely used clinical samples from the United States with children ascertained at baseline using broad criteria for ADHD including all clinical subtypes or the use of DSM III criteria. AIMS: To identify child and adult predictors of comorbid and psychosocial comorbid outcomes in ADHD in a UK sample of children with DSM-IV combined type ADHD. METHOD: One hundred and eighteen adolescents and young adults diagnosed with DSM-IV combined type ADHD in childhood were followed for an average of 6years. Comorbid mental health problems, drug and alcohol use and police contact were compared for those with persistent ADHD, sub-threshold ADHD and population norms taken from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study 2007. Predictors included ADHD symptomology and gender. RESULTS: Persistent ADHD was associated with greater levels of anger, fatigue, sleep problems and anxiety compared to sub-threshold ADHD. Comorbid mental health problems were predicted by current symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not by childhood ADHD severity. Both persistent and sub-threshold ADHD was associated with higher levels of drug use and police contact compared to population norms. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD showed increased rates of comorbid mental health problems, which were predicted by current levels of ADHD symptoms. This suggests the importance of the continuing treatment of ADHD throughout the transitional years and into adulthood. Drug use and police contact were more common in ADHD but were not predicted by ADHD severity in this sample.
Authors: Stian Orm; Per Normann Andersen; Martin Hersch Teicher; Ingrid Nesdal Fossum; Merete Glenne Øie; Erik Winther Skogli Journal: Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Date: 2022-10-04
Authors: Hanna Eklund; Tim Cadman; James Findon; Hannah Hayward; Deirdre Howley; Jennifer Beecham; Kiriakos Xenitidis; Declan Murphy; Philip Asherson; Karen Glaser Journal: BMC Health Serv Res Date: 2016-07-11 Impact factor: 2.655
Authors: Carlos López-Pinar; Sonia Martínez-Sanchís; Enrique Carbonell-Vayá; Javier Fenollar-Cortés; Julio Sánchez-Meca Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2018-05-04
Authors: Abigail E Russell; Darren Moore; Amy Sanders; Barnaby Dunn; Rachel Hayes; Judi Kidger; Edmund Sonuga-Barke; Linda Pfiffner; Tamsin Ford Journal: Syst Rev Date: 2022-02-16
Authors: Marisa A Patti; Karl T Kelsey; Amanda J MacFarlane; George D Papandonatos; Tye E Arbuckle; Jillian Ashley-Martin; Mandy Fisher; William D Fraser; Bruce P Lanphear; Gina Muckle; Joseph M Braun Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-09 Impact factor: 4.614