A Young Woman With Severe Chest Pain After Undergoing Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for a Large Mediastinal Mass.

A 33-year-old woman with chest pain and hemoptysis was found to have a large mediastinal mass. As the radiology imagings were inconclusive, she underwent diagnostic endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). After the procedure she developed mediastinitis, which required video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery excision and intravenous antibiotics. Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital anomalies. Traditionally, surgical resection has been recommended as the first-line treatment option for both symptomatic and asymptomatic bronchogenic cysts due to concerns of late complications, including malignant transformation. Recently, there have been a number of case reports of bronchogenic cysts been diagnosed and treated successfully using EBUS-TBNA. We present a case in which EBUS-TBNA was performed for a definitive diagnosis of cystic lesion in the mediastinum.