S Gilles-Stein1,2,3, I Beck4,5, A Chaker5,6, M Bas6, M McIntyre7, L Cifuentes7,8, A Petersen9, J Gutermuth5,10, C Schmidt-Weber5, H Behrendt5, C Traidl-Hoffmann4,5,11. 1. Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Augsburg, Germany. stefanie.gilles@tum.de. 2. ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany. stefanie.gilles@tum.de. 3. Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK Care), Davos, Switzerland. stefanie.gilles@tum.de. 4. Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Augsburg, Germany. 5. ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany. 6. ENT Department, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany. 7. Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. 8. Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. 9. Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany. 10. Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium. 11. Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK Care), Davos, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Besides allergens, pollen release bioactive, low molecular weight compounds that modulate and stimulate allergic reactions. Clinical relevance of these substances has not been investigated to date. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effect of a non-allergenic, low molecular weight factors from aqueous birch pollen extracts (Bet-APE < 3 kDa) on the human allergic immune response in vivo. METHODS: Birch and grass pollen allergic individuals underwent skin prick testing with allergen alone, allergen plus Bet-APE < 3 kDa, or allergen plus pre-identified candidate substances from low molecular pollen fraction. Nasal allergen challenges were performed in non-atopic and pollen allergic individuals using a 3 day repeated threshold challenge battery. Subjects were either exposed to allergen alone or to allergen plus Bet-APE< 3 kDa. Local cytokine levels, nasal secretion weights, nasal congestion and symptom scores were determined. RESULTS: Skin prick test reactions to pollen elicited larger weals when allergens were tested together with the low molecular weight compounds from pollen. Similar results were obtained with candidate pollen-associated lipid mediators. In nasal lining fluids of allergic patients challenged with allergen plus Bet-APE < 3 kDa, IL-8 and IgE was significantly increased as compared to allergen-only challenged patients. These patients also produced increased amounts of total nasal secretion and reported more severe rhinorrhea than the allergen-only challenged group. CONCLUSIONS: Low molecular compounds from pollen enhance the allergen specific immune response in the skin and nose. They are therefore of potential clinical relevance in allergic patients.
BACKGROUND: Besides allergens, pollen release bioactive, low molecular weight compounds that modulate and stimulate allergic reactions. Clinical relevance of these substances has not been investigated to date. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effect of a non-allergenic, low molecular weight factors from aqueous birch pollen extracts (Bet-APE < 3 kDa) on the humanallergic immune response in vivo. METHODS: Birch and grass pollen allergic individuals underwent skin prick testing with allergen alone, allergen plus Bet-APE < 3 kDa, or allergen plus pre-identified candidate substances from low molecular pollen fraction. Nasal allergen challenges were performed in non-atopic and pollen allergic individuals using a 3 day repeated threshold challenge battery. Subjects were either exposed to allergen alone or to allergen plus Bet-APE< 3 kDa. Local cytokine levels, nasal secretion weights, nasal congestion and symptom scores were determined. RESULTS: Skin prick test reactions to pollen elicited larger weals when allergens were tested together with the low molecular weight compounds from pollen. Similar results were obtained with candidate pollen-associated lipid mediators. In nasal lining fluids of allergicpatients challenged with allergen plus Bet-APE < 3 kDa, IL-8 and IgE was significantly increased as compared to allergen-only challenged patients. These patients also produced increased amounts of total nasal secretion and reported more severe rhinorrhea than the allergen-only challenged group. CONCLUSIONS: Low molecular compounds from pollen enhance the allergen specific immune response in the skin and nose. They are therefore of potential clinical relevance in allergicpatients.
Authors: Svetlana V Guryanova; Ekaterina I Finkina; Daria N Melnikova; Ivan V Bogdanov; Barbara Bohle; Tatiana V Ovchinnikova Journal: Front Mol Biosci Date: 2022-06-16
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Authors: Athanasios Damialis; Stefanie Gilles; Mikhail Sofiev; Viktoria Sofieva; Franziska Kolek; Daniela Bayr; Maria P Plaza; Vivien Leier-Wirtz; Sigrid Kaschuba; Lewis H Ziska; Leonard Bielory; László Makra; Maria Del Mar Trigo; Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2021-03-23 Impact factor: 11.205