Tracey H Taveira1, Danielle Ouellette1, Alev Gulum1, Gaurav Choudhary1, Charles B Eaton1, Simin Liu1, Wen-Chih Wu2. 1. From the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Support, Providence, RI (T.H.T., D.O., A.G., G.C., W.-C.W.); Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI (T.H.T., D.O., A.G., G.C., W.-C.W.); Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI (T.H.T., G.C., W.-C.W.); Center for Primary Care and Prevention (C.B.E.) and the Department of Family Medicine (C.B.E.), Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.B.E., S.L., W.-C.W.); and The Program on Genomics and Nutrition, Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, Departments of Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of California, Los Angeles. 2. From the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Support, Providence, RI (T.H.T., D.O., A.G., G.C., W.-C.W.); Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI (T.H.T., D.O., A.G., G.C., W.-C.W.); Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI (T.H.T., G.C., W.-C.W.); Center for Primary Care and Prevention (C.B.E.) and the Department of Family Medicine (C.B.E.), Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.B.E., S.L., W.-C.W.); and The Program on Genomics and Nutrition, Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, Departments of Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of California, Los Angeles. Wen-chih.wu@va.gov.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about magnesium intake and risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, particularly in blacks. We hypothesize that magnesium intake relates to HF hospitalization in blacks. METHODS AND RESULTS: From the Jackson Heart Study cohort (n=5301), we studied 4916 blacks recruited during 2000 to 2004 in Jackson (Mississippi), who completed an 158-item Food-Frequency Questionnaire that included dietary supplements. Daily magnesium intake derived from the questionnaire was divided by the body weight to account for body storage and stratified by quartiles (0.522-2.308, 2.309-3.147, 3.148-4.226, and ≥4.227 mg magnesium intake/kg). Cox proportional hazards modeling assessed the association between quartiles of magnesium intake/kg and hospitalizations for HF adjusting for HF risk, energy intake, and dietary factors. The cohort had a mean age=55.3 (SD=12.7 years) and composed of 63.4% women, 21.6% diabetes mellitus, 62.7% hypertension, 7.1% coronary disease, and 2.8% with known HF. When compared with participants in the first quartile of magnesium intake/kg, those with higher magnesium intake (>2.308 mg/kg) had decreased risk of HF admission, with adjusted hazard ratios of 0. 66(95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.94) in the second quartile to 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.82) in the highest quartile. Results were similar when individuals with previously diagnosed HF (2.8%) were excluded or when the analysis was repeated using quartiles of magnesium intake without accounting for body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Magnesium intake <2.3 mg/kg was related to increased risk of subsequent HF hospitalizations. Future studies are needed to test whether serum magnesium levels predict risk of HF.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about magnesium intake and risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, particularly in blacks. We hypothesize that magnesium intake relates to HF hospitalization in blacks. METHODS AND RESULTS: From the Jackson Heart Study cohort (n=5301), we studied 4916 blacks recruited during 2000 to 2004 in Jackson (Mississippi), who completed an 158-item Food-Frequency Questionnaire that included dietary supplements. Daily magnesium intake derived from the questionnaire was divided by the body weight to account for body storage and stratified by quartiles (0.522-2.308, 2.309-3.147, 3.148-4.226, and ≥4.227 mg magnesium intake/kg). Cox proportional hazards modeling assessed the association between quartiles of magnesium intake/kg and hospitalizations for HF adjusting for HF risk, energy intake, and dietary factors. The cohort had a mean age=55.3 (SD=12.7 years) and composed of 63.4% women, 21.6% diabetes mellitus, 62.7% hypertension, 7.1% coronary disease, and 2.8% with known HF. When compared with participants in the first quartile of magnesium intake/kg, those with higher magnesium intake (>2.308 mg/kg) had decreased risk of HF admission, with adjusted hazard ratios of 0. 66(95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.94) in the second quartile to 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.82) in the highest quartile. Results were similar when individuals with previously diagnosed HF (2.8%) were excluded or when the analysis was repeated using quartiles of magnesium intake without accounting for body weight. CONCLUSIONS:Magnesium intake <2.3 mg/kg was related to increased risk of subsequent HF hospitalizations. Future studies are needed to test whether serum magnesium levels predict risk of HF.
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