Co/CoO nanoparticles immobilized on Co-N-doped carbon as trifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions.

Co/CoO nanoparticles immobilized on Co-N-doped carbon were successfully developed using shrimp-shell derived N-doped carbon nanodots as precursors by a combined approach of polymerization and pyrolysis, as electrocatalysts exhibiting trifunctional catalytic activities toward oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions and high performance in rechargeable zinc-air batteries.