Glòria Martrus1, Marcus Altfeld. 1. Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches aiming at reducing the latent HIV reservoir. RECENT FINDINGS: HIV-1 establishes early during infection a pool of latently infected cells that persist long term and are largely undetectable to the immune system. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the life expectancy and life quality of HIV-1-infected individuals, but is incapable of eliminating the pool of latently HIV-1-infected cells. Recent studies have started to test immunotherapeutic interventions in combination with latency reversing agents to reduce the latent HIV-1 reservoir, including approaches aimed at enhancing antiviral T-cell immunity, innate immunity, and virus-specific antibodies. SUMMARY: The better understanding of virus-specific immunity and the pathways used by HIV-1 to evade host immune responses have enabled the development of new strategies focusing on targeting latently HIV-1-infected cells, with the goal to reduce the HIV-1 reservoir. Here, we will review recent advances in harnessing effector cells of the immune system, including CD8 T cells and natural killer cells, antiviral antibodies and new immunomodulatory molecules, to target HIV-1 persistence.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches aiming at reducing the latent HIV reservoir. RECENT FINDINGS:HIV-1 establishes early during infection a pool of latently infected cells that persist long term and are largely undetectable to the immune system. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the life expectancy and life quality of HIV-1-infected individuals, but is incapable of eliminating the pool of latently HIV-1-infected cells. Recent studies have started to test immunotherapeutic interventions in combination with latency reversing agents to reduce the latent HIV-1 reservoir, including approaches aimed at enhancing antiviral T-cell immunity, innate immunity, and virus-specific antibodies. SUMMARY: The better understanding of virus-specific immunity and the pathways used by HIV-1 to evade host immune responses have enabled the development of new strategies focusing on targeting latently HIV-1-infected cells, with the goal to reduce the HIV-1 reservoir. Here, we will review recent advances in harnessing effector cells of the immune system, including CD8 T cells and natural killer cells, antiviral antibodies and new immunomodulatory molecules, to target HIV-1 persistence.
Authors: Christine A Marian; Mateusz Stoszko; Lili Wang; Matthew W Leighty; Elisa de Crignis; Chad A Maschinot; Jovylyn Gatchalian; Benjamin C Carter; Basudev Chowdhury; Diana C Hargreaves; Jeremy R Duvall; Gerald R Crabtree; Tokameh Mahmoudi; Emily C Dykhuizen Journal: Cell Chem Biol Date: 2018-09-06 Impact factor: 8.116
Authors: Guoxin Wu; Michael Swanson; Aarthi Talla; Donald Graham; Julie Strizki; Daniel Gorman; Richard Jo Barnard; Wade Blair; Ole S Søgaard; Martin Tolstrup; Lars Østergaard; Thomas A Rasmussen; Rafick-Pierre Sekaly; Nancie M Archin; David M Margolis; Daria J Hazuda; Bonnie J Howell Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2017-08-17
Authors: Jane Musumali; Peter Julius; Stepfanie N Siyumbwa; Dicle Yalcin; Guobin Kang; Sody Munsaka; John T West; Charles Wood Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2022-10-05 Impact factor: 3.739
Authors: Blake F Frey; Jiansheng Jiang; Yongjun Sui; Lisa F Boyd; Bin Yu; Gwen Tatsuno; Rolf Billeskov; Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi; Phillip W Berman; David H Margulies; Jay A Berzofsky Journal: J Immunol Date: 2018-01-26 Impact factor: 5.422