Celeste K Wong1, Pamela L Horn-Ross2, Gilbert C Gee3, Salma Shariff-Marco4, Thu Quach5, Laura Allen2, Roxanna Bautista6, Patricia Quema La Chica6, Winston Tseng6, Pancho Chang7, Christina A Clarke4, Juan Yang2, Gem M Le8, Alison Canchola2, Melinda L Irwin9, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee10, Scarlett Lin Gomez4. 1. Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 2. Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. 3. School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. 4. Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California, USA Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. 5. Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California, USA Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Asian Health Services, Oakland, California, USA Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. 6. Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum, San Francisco, California, USA. 7. Asian Americans for Community Involvement, San Jose, California, USA. 8. Division of General Internal Medicine, Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA. 9. School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 10. Center for Biomedical Ethics, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Data are limited on effective methods for recruiting persons, especially from ethnically diverse populations, into population-based studies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the variation among and representativeness of controls identified using multiple methods for a population-based case-control study of breast cancer among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs) in the San Francisco Bay Area. METHODS: We used a unique combination of targeted recruitment strategies, including address-based sampling, community-based methods, and internet-based and media-based approaches for recruiting controls, frequency matched on age and ethnicity to a population-based sample of cases. To characterise the participating controls, we compared the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics and cancer risk factors between recruitment sources using χ(2) tests. To ensure that the controls we recruited were representative of the underlying at-risk population, we compared characteristics of the controls, by ethnicity and in aggregate, to data from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), and adjusted the relative mix of recruitment strategies throughout the study as needed to achieve representativeness. RESULTS: As expected, controls (n=483) recruited by any single method were not representative. However, when aggregated across methods, controls were largely representative of the underlying source population, as characterised by CHIS, with regard to the characteristics under study, including nativity, education, marital status and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: A multimode approach using targeted recruitment strategies is an effective and feasible alternative to using a single recruitment method in identifying a representative, diverse control sample for population-based studies. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
BACKGROUND: Data are limited on effective methods for recruiting persons, especially from ethnically diverse populations, into population-based studies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the variation among and representativeness of controls identified using multiple methods for a population-based case-control study of breast cancer among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs) in the San Francisco Bay Area. METHODS: We used a unique combination of targeted recruitment strategies, including address-based sampling, community-based methods, and internet-based and media-based approaches for recruiting controls, frequency matched on age and ethnicity to a population-based sample of cases. To characterise the participating controls, we compared the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics and cancer risk factors between recruitment sources using χ(2) tests. To ensure that the controls we recruited were representative of the underlying at-risk population, we compared characteristics of the controls, by ethnicity and in aggregate, to data from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), and adjusted the relative mix of recruitment strategies throughout the study as needed to achieve representativeness. RESULTS: As expected, controls (n=483) recruited by any single method were not representative. However, when aggregated across methods, controls were largely representative of the underlying source population, as characterised by CHIS, with regard to the characteristics under study, including nativity, education, marital status and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: A multimode approach using targeted recruitment strategies is an effective and feasible alternative to using a single recruitment method in identifying a representative, diverse control sample for population-based studies. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
Entities:
Keywords:
Cancer epidemiology; ETHNICITY; Epidemiological methods; METHODOLOGY; Research Design in Epidemiology
Authors: Brittany N Morey; Gilbert C Gee; May C Wang; Ondine S von Ehrenstein; Salma Shariff-Marco; Alison J Canchola; Juan Yang; Sandra S-J Lee; Roxanna Bautista; Winston Tseng; Pancho Chang; Scarlett Lin Gomez Journal: J Immigr Minor Health Date: 2021-04-12