Harnessing viscoelasticity and instabilities for tuning wavy patterns in soft layered composites.

In this study, we combine the elastic instability and non-linear rate-dependent phenomena to achieve microstructure tunability in soft layered materials. In these soft composites, elastic instabilities give rise to formation of wrinkles or wavy patterns. In elastic materials, the critical wavelength as well as amplitude at a particular strain level are exclusively defined by the composite microstructure and contrast in the elastic moduli of the phases. Here, we propose to use rate-dependent soft constituents to increase the admissible range of tunable microstructures. Through the experiments on 3D printed soft laminates, and through the numerical simulation of the visco-hyperelastic composites, we demonstrate the existence of various instability-induced wavy patterns corresponding to the identical deformed state of the identical soft composites.