OBJECTIVES: Opioid pain medication misuse is a major concern for US public health. The purpose of this article is to: 1) describe the demographic and physical, behavioral, and mental health characteristics of patients who fill opioid medications in community pharmacy settings; and 2) describe the extent of opioid medication misuse behaviors among these patients. DESIGN: We recruited and screened a convenience sample of patients with the use of a tablet computer-based assessment protocol that examined behavioral, mental, and physical health. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated to describe respondents and their opioid medication misuse and health characteristics. SETTING: Patients were screened in 2 urban and 2 rural community pharmacies in southwestern Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: Survey participants were adult patients filling opioid pain medications who were not currently receiving treatment for a cancer diagnosis. INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Validated screening measures included the Prescription Opioid Misuse Index, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test C, Short Form 12, Drug Abuse Screening Test 10, Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) screen, and the Patient Health Questionnaire 2. RESULTS: A total of 333 patients were screened (71.2% response rate). Nearly the entire population reported pain above and general health below national norms. Hydrocodone (19.2%) and morphine (20.8%) were found to be the medications with the highest rates of misuse-with hydrocodone having more than 4 times higher odds of misuse compared with other medications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-17.4). Patients with positive screens for illicit drug use (AOR 8.07, 95% CI 2.7-24.0), PTSD (AOR 5.88, 95% CI 2.3-14.7), and depression (AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.0-5.9) also had significantly higher odds for misuse compared with those with negative screening results. CONCLUSION: These findings provide important foundational data that suggest implementation of regular opioid misuse screening protocols within community pharmacies. Such screening activities could foster a culture of prevention and overall reduction for misuse among patients filling opioid medications in community pharmacies.
OBJECTIVES:Opioid pain medication misuse is a major concern for US public health. The purpose of this article is to: 1) describe the demographic and physical, behavioral, and mental health characteristics of patients who fill opioid medications in community pharmacy settings; and 2) describe the extent of opioid medication misuse behaviors among these patients. DESIGN: We recruited and screened a convenience sample of patients with the use of a tablet computer-based assessment protocol that examined behavioral, mental, and physical health. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated to describe respondents and their opioid medication misuse and health characteristics. SETTING:Patients were screened in 2 urban and 2 rural community pharmacies in southwestern Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: Survey participants were adult patients filling opioid pain medications who were not currently receiving treatment for a cancer diagnosis. INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Validated screening measures included the Prescription Opioid Misuse Index, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test C, Short Form 12, Drug Abuse Screening Test 10, Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) screen, and the Patient Health Questionnaire 2. RESULTS: A total of 333 patients were screened (71.2% response rate). Nearly the entire population reported pain above and general health below national norms. Hydrocodone (19.2%) and morphine (20.8%) were found to be the medications with the highest rates of misuse-with hydrocodone having more than 4 times higher odds of misuse compared with other medications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-17.4). Patients with positive screens for illicit drug use (AOR 8.07, 95% CI 2.7-24.0), PTSD (AOR 5.88, 95% CI 2.3-14.7), and depression (AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.0-5.9) also had significantly higher odds for misuse compared with those with negative screening results. CONCLUSION: These findings provide important foundational data that suggest implementation of regular opioid misuse screening protocols within community pharmacies. Such screening activities could foster a culture of prevention and overall reduction for misuse among patients filling opioid medications in community pharmacies.
Authors: Lynn R Webster; Susan Cochella; Nabarun Dasgupta; Keri L Fakata; Perry G Fine; Scott M Fishman; Todd Grey; Erin M Johnson; Lewis K Lee; Steven D Passik; John Peppin; Christina A Porucznik; Albert Ray; Sidney H Schnoll; Richard L Stieg; Wayne Wakeland Journal: Pain Med Date: 2011-06 Impact factor: 3.750
Authors: Erin M Johnson; William A Lanier; Ray M Merrill; Jacob Crook; Christina A Porucznik; Robert T Rolfs; Brian Sauer Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2012-10-16 Impact factor: 5.128
Authors: Christina Korownyk; Danielle Perry; Joey Ton; Michael R Kolber; Scott Garrison; Betsy Thomas; G Michael Allan; Cheryl Bateman; Raquel de Queiroz; Dorcas Kennedy; Wiplove Lamba; Jazmin Marlinga; Tally Mogus; Tony Nickonchuk; Eli Orrantia; Kim Reich; Nick Wong; Nicolas Dugré; Adrienne J Lindblad Journal: Can Fam Physician Date: 2019-05 Impact factor: 3.275
Authors: Christina Korownyk; Danielle Perry; Joey Ton; Michael R Kolber; Scott Garrison; Betsy Thomas; G Michael Allan; Cheryl Bateman; Raquel de Queiroz; Dorcas Kennedy; Wiplove Lamba; Jazmin Marlinga; Tally Mogus; Tony Nickonchuk; Eli Orrantia; Kim Reich; Nick Wong; Nicolas Dugré; Adrienne J Lindblad Journal: Can Fam Physician Date: 2019-05 Impact factor: 3.275
Authors: Christine A Schalkoff; Kathryn E Lancaster; Bradley N Gaynes; Vivian Wang; Brian W Pence; William C Miller; Vivian F Go Journal: Subst Abus Date: 2019-08-12 Impact factor: 3.716
Authors: Amber L Bahorik; Derek D Satre; Andrea H Kline-Simon; Constance M Weisner; Kelly C Young-Wolff; Cynthia I Campbell Journal: Subst Abus Date: 2017-09-06 Impact factor: 3.716
Authors: Nora D Volkow; María Elena Medina-Mora Icaza; Vladimir Poznyak; Shekhar Saxena; Gilberto Gerra Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 49.548