Michael Kreuter1, Wim Wuyts2, Elisabetta Renzoni3, Dirk Koschel4, Toby M Maher3, Martin Kolb5, Derek Weycker6, Paolo Spagnolo7, Klaus-Uwe Kirchgaessler8, Felix J F Herth9, Ulrich Costabel10. 1. Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: kreuter@uni-heidelberg.de. 2. Unit for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium. 3. National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. 4. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Fachkrankenhaus Coswig, Centre for Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Coswig, Germany. 5. Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 6. Policy Analysis Inc, MINERVA Health Economics Network, Brookline, MA, USA. 7. Medical University Clinic, Kanton Hospital Baselland and University of Basel, Liestal, Switzerland. 8. F Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland. 9. Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany. 10. Interstitial and Rare Lung Disease Unit, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a potential risk factor for the development and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We aimed to investigate the effect of antacid therapy on disease progression in patients randomly assigned to placebo through analysis of three large, phase 3 trials of pirfenidone in IPF. METHODS:Patients with IPF from theplacebo groups of three trials of pirfenidone (CAPACITY 004, CAPACITY 006, and ASCEND) were included in this post-hoc analysis. We analysed effects of antacid therapy use from baseline for pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, survival, hospital admission, and adverse events for 52 weeks with and without adjustment for potential confounders. The primary endpoint, disease progression by 1 year, was defined as a decrease in predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) by 10% or more, a decrease in 6 min walk distance (6MWD) by 50 m or more, or death. We did survival analyses with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and evaluated using the log-rank test. FINDINGS: Of 624 patients, 291 (47%) received antacid therapy and 333 (53%) did not. At 52 weeks, we noted no significant difference between groups for disease progression (114 [39%] for antacid therapy vs 141 [42%] for no antacid therapy, p=0·4844). Rates also did not differ for all-cause mortality (20 [7%] vs 22 [7%], p=0·8947), IPF-related mortality (11 [4%] vs 17 [5%]; p=0·4251), absolute FVC decrease by 10% or more (49 [17%] vs 64 [19%]; p=0·4411), or mean observed change in FVC (% predicted -4·9% [SD 6·4] vs -5·5% [7·2], p=0·3355; observed volume -0·2 L [0·3] vs -0·2 L [0·3], p=0·4238). The rate of hospital admission was non-significantly higher in the antacid therapy group (65 [22%] vs 54 [16%]; p=0·0522). When stratified by baseline FVC (<70% or ≥70%), disease progression, mortality, FVC, 6MWD, and hospital admission did not differ between groups. Adverse events were similar between treatment and no treatment groups; however, overall infections (107 [74%] vs 101 [62%]; p=0·0174) and pulmonary infections (20 [14%] vs 10 [6%]; p=0·0214) were higher in patients with advanced IPF (ie, FVC <70%) who were treated with antacids than not treated with antacids. INTERPRETATION:Antacid therapy did not improve outcomes in patients with IPF and might potentially be associated with an increased risk of infection in those with advanced disease. FUNDING: F Hoffmann-La Roche.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a potential risk factor for the development and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We aimed to investigate the effect of antacid therapy on disease progression in patients randomly assigned to placebo through analysis of three large, phase 3 trials of pirfenidone in IPF. METHODS:Patients with IPF from the placebo groups of three trials of pirfenidone (CAPACITY 004, CAPACITY 006, and ASCEND) were included in this post-hoc analysis. We analysed effects of antacid therapy use from baseline for pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, survival, hospital admission, and adverse events for 52 weeks with and without adjustment for potential confounders. The primary endpoint, disease progression by 1 year, was defined as a decrease in predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) by 10% or more, a decrease in 6 min walk distance (6MWD) by 50 m or more, or death. We did survival analyses with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and evaluated using the log-rank test. FINDINGS: Of 624 patients, 291 (47%) received antacid therapy and 333 (53%) did not. At 52 weeks, we noted no significant difference between groups for disease progression (114 [39%] for antacid therapy vs 141 [42%] for no antacid therapy, p=0·4844). Rates also did not differ for all-cause mortality (20 [7%] vs 22 [7%], p=0·8947), IPF-related mortality (11 [4%] vs 17 [5%]; p=0·4251), absolute FVC decrease by 10% or more (49 [17%] vs 64 [19%]; p=0·4411), or mean observed change in FVC (% predicted -4·9% [SD 6·4] vs -5·5% [7·2], p=0·3355; observed volume -0·2 L [0·3] vs -0·2 L [0·3], p=0·4238). The rate of hospital admission was non-significantly higher in the antacid therapy group (65 [22%] vs 54 [16%]; p=0·0522). When stratified by baseline FVC (<70% or ≥70%), disease progression, mortality, FVC, 6MWD, and hospital admission did not differ between groups. Adverse events were similar between treatment and no treatment groups; however, overall infections (107 [74%] vs 101 [62%]; p=0·0174) and pulmonary infections (20 [14%] vs 10 [6%]; p=0·0214) were higher in patients with advanced IPF (ie, FVC <70%) who were treated with antacids than not treated with antacids. INTERPRETATION: Antacid therapy did not improve outcomes in patients with IPF and might potentially be associated with an increased risk of infection in those with advanced disease. FUNDING: F Hoffmann-La Roche.
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