Isidoor O Bergfeld1, Mariska Mantione2, Mechteld L C Hoogendoorn2, Henricus G Ruhé3, Peter Notten4, Jan van Laarhoven4, Ieke Visser5, Martijn Figee1, Bart P de Kwaasteniet2, Ferdinand Horst4, Aart H Schene6, Pepijn van den Munckhof7, Guus Beute8, Rick Schuurman7, Damiaan Denys9. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands2Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands3Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. 4. Department of Psychiatry, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands. 5. PsyWorks, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands6Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands7Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud Univ. 7. Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 8. Department of Neurosurgery, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands. 9. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands2Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands10Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amste.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) do not respond sufficiently to several consecutive treatments for major depressive disorder. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for these patients, but presently placebo effects cannot be ruled out. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of DBS of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC), controlling for placebo effects with active and sham stimulation phases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five patients with TRD from 2 hospitals in the Netherlands were enrolled between March 22, 2010, and May 8, 2014. Patients first entered a 52-week open-label trial during which they received bilateral implants of 4 contact electrodes followed by optimization of DBS until a stable response was achieved. A randomized, double-blind, 12-week crossover phase was then conducted with patients receiving active treatment followed by sham or vice versa. Response and nonresponse to treatment were determined using intention-to-treat analyses. INTERVENTIONS: Deep brain stimulation targeted to the vALIC. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The change in the investigator-rated score of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) was the main outcome used in analysis of the optimization phase. The primary outcome of the crossover phase was the difference in the HAM-D-17 scores between active and sham DBS. The score range of this tool is 0 to 52, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms. Patients were classified as responders to treatment (≥50% decrease of the HAM-D-17 score compared with baseline) and partial responders (≥25 but <50% decrease of the HAM-D-17 score). RESULTS:Of 25 patients included in the study, 8 (32%) were men; the mean (SD) age at inclusion was 53.2 (8.4) years. Mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 22.2 (95% CI, 20.3-24.1) at baseline to 15.9 (95% CI, 12.3-19.5) (P = .001), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores from 34.0 (95% CI, 31.8-36.3) to 23.8 (95% CI, 18.4-29.1) (P < .001), and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-report scores from from 49.3 (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) to 38.8 (95% CI, 31.6-46.0) (P = .005) in the optimization phase. Following the optimization phase, which lasted 51.6 (22.0) weeks, 10 patients (40%) were classified as responders and 15 individuals (60%) as nonresponders. Sixteen patients entered the randomized crossover phase (9 responders [56%], 7 nonresponders [44%]). During active DBS, patients scored significantly lower on the HAM-D-17 scale (13.6 [95% CI, 9.8-17.4]) than during sham DBS (23.1 [95% CI, 20.6-25.6]) (P < .001). Serious adverse events included severe nausea during surgery (1 patient), suicide attempt (4 patients), and suicidal ideation (2 patients). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Deep brain stimulation of the vALIC resulted in a significant decrease of depressive symptoms in 10 of 25 patients and was tolerated well. The randomized crossover design corroborates that vALIC DBS causes symptom reduction rather than sham. TRIAL REGISTRATION: trialregister.nl Identifier: NTR2118.
RCT Entities:
IMPORTANCE: Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) do not respond sufficiently to several consecutive treatments for major depressive disorder. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for these patients, but presently placebo effects cannot be ruled out. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of DBS of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC), controlling for placebo effects with active and sham stimulation phases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five patients with TRD from 2 hospitals in the Netherlands were enrolled between March 22, 2010, and May 8, 2014. Patients first entered a 52-week open-label trial during which they received bilateral implants of 4 contact electrodes followed by optimization of DBS until a stable response was achieved. A randomized, double-blind, 12-week crossover phase was then conducted with patients receiving active treatment followed by sham or vice versa. Response and nonresponse to treatment were determined using intention-to-treat analyses. INTERVENTIONS: Deep brain stimulation targeted to the vALIC. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The change in the investigator-rated score of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) was the main outcome used in analysis of the optimization phase. The primary outcome of the crossover phase was the difference in the HAM-D-17 scores between active and sham DBS. The score range of this tool is 0 to 52, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms. Patients were classified as responders to treatment (≥50% decrease of the HAM-D-17 score compared with baseline) and partial responders (≥25 but <50% decrease of the HAM-D-17 score). RESULTS: Of 25 patients included in the study, 8 (32%) were men; the mean (SD) age at inclusion was 53.2 (8.4) years. Mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 22.2 (95% CI, 20.3-24.1) at baseline to 15.9 (95% CI, 12.3-19.5) (P = .001), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores from 34.0 (95% CI, 31.8-36.3) to 23.8 (95% CI, 18.4-29.1) (P < .001), and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-report scores from from 49.3 (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) to 38.8 (95% CI, 31.6-46.0) (P = .005) in the optimization phase. Following the optimization phase, which lasted 51.6 (22.0) weeks, 10 patients (40%) were classified as responders and 15 individuals (60%) as nonresponders. Sixteen patients entered the randomized crossover phase (9 responders [56%], 7 nonresponders [44%]). During active DBS, patients scored significantly lower on the HAM-D-17 scale (13.6 [95% CI, 9.8-17.4]) than during sham DBS (23.1 [95% CI, 20.6-25.6]) (P < .001). Serious adverse events included severe nausea during surgery (1 patient), suicide attempt (4 patients), and suicidal ideation (2 patients). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Deep brain stimulation of the vALIC resulted in a significant decrease of depressive symptoms in 10 of 25 patients and was tolerated well. The randomized crossover design corroborates that vALIC DBS causes symptom reduction rather than sham. TRIAL REGISTRATION: trialregister.nl Identifier: NTR2118.
Authors: Nolan R Williams; Keith D Sudheimer; Brandon S Bentzley; Jaspreet Pannu; Katy H Stimpson; Dalton Duvio; Kirsten Cherian; Jessica Hawkins; Kristen H Scherrer; Benjamin Vyssoki; Danielle DeSouza; Kristin S Raj; Jennifer Keller; Alan F Schatzberg Journal: Brain Date: 2018-03-01 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Mijail D Serruya; James P Harris; Dayo O Adewole; Laura A Struzyna; Justin C Burrell; Ashley Nemes; Dmitriy Petrov; Reuben H Kraft; H Isaac Chen; John A Wolf; D Kacy Cullen Journal: Adv Funct Mater Date: 2017-09-04 Impact factor: 18.808
Authors: Ausaf A Bari; Charles B Mikell; Aviva Abosch; Sharona Ben-Haim; Robert J Buchanan; Allen W Burton; Stephen Carcieri; G Rees Cosgrove; Pierre-Francois D'Haese; Zafiris Jeffrey Daskalakis; Emad N Eskandar; Jason L Gerrard; Wayne K Goodman; Benjamin David Greenberg; Robert E Gross; Clement Hamani; Zelma H T Kiss; Peter Konrad; Brian H Kopell; Lothar Krinke; Jean-Philippe Langevin; Andres M Lozano; Donald Malone; Helen S Mayberg; Jonathan P Miller; Parag G Patil; DeLea Peichel; Erika A Petersen; Ali R Rezai; R Mark Richardson; Patricio Riva-Posse; Tejas Sankar; Jason M Schwalb; Helen Blair Simpson; Konstantin Slavin; Paul H Stypulkowski; Tor Tosteson; Peter Warnke; Jon T Willie; Kareem A Zaghloul; Joseph S Neimat; Nader Pouratian; Sameer A Sheth Journal: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry Date: 2018-01-25 Impact factor: 10.154