D Torumkuney1, D Gur2, G Soyletir3, N Gurler4, Z Aktas4, B Sener2, A Tunger5, G Bayramoglu6, I Koksal6, A N Yalcin7, Y Tanriver8, I Morrissey9, K Barker10. 1. GlaxoSmithKline, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, UK didem.x.torumkuney@gsk.com. 2. Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey. 3. Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey. 4. Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey. 5. Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey. 6. Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Trabzon, Turkey. 7. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. 8. GlaxoSmithKline Turkey, Buyukdere Cad. 1. Levent Plaza, No. 173, B Blok, 34394 Istanbul, Turkey. 9. IHMA Europe Sàrl, 9A route de la Corniche, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland. 10. GlaxoSmithKline, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) in community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTIs) between 2002 and 2009 in Turkey. METHODS: Previously published SOAR data were used for this analysis. MICs were determined using Etest(®) gradient strips or disc diffusion. Susceptibility against a range of antimicrobial agents was assessed using CLSI breakpoints. RESULTS: A total of 900 S. pneumoniae isolates were analysed: 2002-03 (n = 75), 2004-05 (n = 301) and 2007-09 (n = 524). Four antibiotics were tested consistently throughout and three showed a statistically significant decrease in susceptibility (P < 0.0001): penicillin (74.7% susceptible in 2002-03; 67.8% in 2004-05; and 47.2% in 2007-09); cefaclor (85.3% in 2002-03; 78.7% in 2004-05; and 53.5% in 2007-09) and clarithromycin (85.3% in 2002-03; 82.7% in 2004-05; and 61.9% in 2007-09). Susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid did not significantly change (100% in 2002-03; 98.7% in 2004-05; and 97.7% in 2007-09). A total of 930 H. influenzae isolates were analysed: 2002-03 (n = 133), 2004-05 (n = 379) and 2007-09 (n = 418). Four antibiotics were also consistently tested: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clarithromycin and cefaclor. All showed >90% susceptibility, but only cefaclor susceptibility significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) over time (99.2% in 2002-03; 96.3% in 2004-05; and 90.4% in 2007-09). CONCLUSIONS: In S. pneumoniae from Turkey, there has been a clear statistically significant reduction in susceptibility to key antibiotics since 2002, but not to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (or amoxicillin). However, susceptibility in H. influenzae remained stable. Continued surveillance is required to monitor future changes in antibiotic susceptibility for CA-RTI bacteria.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) in community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTIs) between 2002 and 2009 in Turkey. METHODS: Previously published SOAR data were used for this analysis. MICs were determined using Etest(®) gradient strips or disc diffusion. Susceptibility against a range of antimicrobial agents was assessed using CLSI breakpoints. RESULTS: A total of 900 S. pneumoniae isolates were analysed: 2002-03 (n = 75), 2004-05 (n = 301) and 2007-09 (n = 524). Four antibiotics were tested consistently throughout and three showed a statistically significant decrease in susceptibility (P < 0.0001): penicillin (74.7% susceptible in 2002-03; 67.8% in 2004-05; and 47.2% in 2007-09); cefaclor (85.3% in 2002-03; 78.7% in 2004-05; and 53.5% in 2007-09) and clarithromycin (85.3% in 2002-03; 82.7% in 2004-05; and 61.9% in 2007-09). Susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid did not significantly change (100% in 2002-03; 98.7% in 2004-05; and 97.7% in 2007-09). A total of 930 H. influenzae isolates were analysed: 2002-03 (n = 133), 2004-05 (n = 379) and 2007-09 (n = 418). Four antibiotics were also consistently tested: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clarithromycin and cefaclor. All showed >90% susceptibility, but only cefaclor susceptibility significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) over time (99.2% in 2002-03; 96.3% in 2004-05; and 90.4% in 2007-09). CONCLUSIONS: In S. pneumoniae from Turkey, there has been a clear statistically significant reduction in susceptibility to key antibiotics since 2002, but not to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (or amoxicillin). However, susceptibility in H. influenzae remained stable. Continued surveillance is required to monitor future changes in antibiotic susceptibility for CA-RTI bacteria.
Authors: Anthony W Chow; Michael S Benninger; Itzhak Brook; Jan L Brozek; Ellie J C Goldstein; Lauri A Hicks; George A Pankey; Mitchel Seleznick; Gregory Volturo; Ellen R Wald; Thomas M File Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2012-03-20 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: M A Borg; E Tiemersma; E Scicluna; N van de Sande-Bruinsma; M de Kraker; J Monen; H Grundmann Journal: Clin Microbiol Infect Date: 2009-03 Impact factor: 8.067
Authors: G Soyletir; G Altinkanat; D Gur; B Altun; A Tunger; S Aydemir; C Kayacan; Z Aktas; M Gunaydin; A Karadag; H Gorur; I Morrissey; D Torumkuney Journal: J Antimicrob Chemother Date: 2016-05 Impact factor: 5.790