Variable Pyrethroid Susceptibility Among the Sweet Corn-Infesting Ulidiidae (Diptera) in Florida and New Baseline Susceptibilities.

Florida sweet corn is intensively treated to prevent infestation from the corn-infesting picture-winged fly complex (hereafter referred to as silk flies, Diptera: Ulidiidae). Previous bioassays performed on Euxesta stigmatias Loew demonstrated some pyrethroids performed weakly, while others were more efficacious and with longer-lasting residual activity. Since the last published bioassays, new active ingredients have been made available, other species in the complex discovered, and label restrictions increased for some products. For these reasons, topical bioassays were performed on the three most common species to assess insecticide efficacy of current commercial products labeled for either silk fly or fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control. Bioassays were conducted using formulated product mixed in water and applied using a Generation III Research Spray Booth. The median lethal concentration ratio (LC 50 ) of beta-cyfluthrin with and without the pyrethroid synergist piperonyl butoxide was investigated. Acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, carbaryl, and flubendiamide did not result in high mortality to any species tested. Euxesta eluta Loew was susceptible to all other insecticides tested, and exhibited the lowest LC 50 to beta-cyfluthrin. Both Chaetopsis massyla Walker and E. stigmatias recovered from several pyrethroid treatments. Euxesta stigmatias also had the highest beta-cyfluthrin LC 50 , and piperonyl butoxide restored beta-cyfluthrin efficacy and lowered the LC 50 s of all three species.