Anat Shmueli1, Rinat Gabbay Benziv1, Liran Hiersch2, Eran Ashwal2, Rami Aviram3, Yariv Yogev2, Amir Aviram2. 1. a Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv , Israel. 2. b Lis Maternity Hospital, The Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv , Israel , and. 3. c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv , Israel.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for mediolateral episiotomy, and evaluate the risk of obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASI) among women with an episiotomy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of all singletons vaginal deliveries at term between 2007 and 2014. Spontaneous and operative vaginal deliveries were compared separately, as well as nulliparous and multiparous women. RESULTS: Overall, 41,347 women were included in the spontaneous vaginal delivery group: 12,585 (30.4%) nulliparous and 28,762 (69.6%) multiparous women. Risk factors for episiotomy (nulliparous) were maternal age (aOR 0.98), gestational age (GA, aOR 1.07), regional analgesia (RA, aOR 1.18), labor induction (aOR 1.17), meconium (aOR 1.37) and birth weight (BW, aOR 1.04). Episiotomy was associated with PPH (aOR 1.49). Among multiparous, risk factors were maternal age (aOR 1.04), previous vaginal delivery (aOR 0.38), GA (aOR 1.06), RA (aOR 1.22), meconium (aOR 1.22) and BW (aOR 1.05). Episiotomy was associated with 3rd degree perineal tear (aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.03-4.97). Only birth weight (nulliparous) and previous vaginal deliveries (multiparous) were contributors for episiotomy in the OVD group. CONCLUSION: Several risk factors for mediolateral episiotomy exist. Episiotomy does not protect nulliparous women, and may be associated with an increased risk for multiparous, for OASI. Therefore, the practice of routine episiotomy should be abandoned, and the practice of selective episiotomy reconsidered.
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for mediolateral episiotomy, and evaluate the risk of obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASI) among women with an episiotomy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of all singletons vaginal deliveries at term between 2007 and 2014. Spontaneous and operative vaginal deliveries were compared separately, as well as nulliparous and multiparous women. RESULTS: Overall, 41,347 women were included in the spontaneous vaginal delivery group: 12,585 (30.4%) nulliparous and 28,762 (69.6%) multiparous women. Risk factors for episiotomy (nulliparous) were maternal age (aOR 0.98), gestational age (GA, aOR 1.07), regional analgesia (RA, aOR 1.18), labor induction (aOR 1.17), meconium (aOR 1.37) and birth weight (BW, aOR 1.04). Episiotomy was associated with PPH (aOR 1.49). Among multiparous, risk factors were maternal age (aOR 1.04), previous vaginal delivery (aOR 0.38), GA (aOR 1.06), RA (aOR 1.22), meconium (aOR 1.22) and BW (aOR 1.05). Episiotomy was associated with 3rd degree perineal tear (aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.03-4.97). Only birth weight (nulliparous) and previous vaginal deliveries (multiparous) were contributors for episiotomy in the OVD group. CONCLUSION: Several risk factors for mediolateral episiotomy exist. Episiotomy does not protect nulliparous women, and may be associated with an increased risk for multiparous, for OASI. Therefore, the practice of routine episiotomy should be abandoned, and the practice of selective episiotomy reconsidered.
Authors: Silvia Rodrigues; Paulo Silva; Andee Agius; Fatima Rocha; Rosa Castanheira; Mechthild Gross; Jean Calleja-Agius Journal: Mater Sociomed Date: 2019-03
Authors: Janneke T Gitsels-van der Wal; Lisanne A Gitsels; Angelo Hooker; Paula Scholing; Linda Martin; Esther I Feijen-de Jong Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2020-05-06 Impact factor: 3.007