Chrysanthi Papagiannaki1,2, Frédéric Clarençon1,3, Sébastien Ponsonnard1,4, Claude Couquet5, Franck Maizeroi-Eugène6, Damien Bresson7, Catherine Yardin1,8, Charbel Mounayer1,9. 1. ERMA (Equipe de Recherche Medicale Appliquée), Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France. 2. Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France. 3. Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France. 4. Anesthesiology Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France. 5. Haute Vienne Departmental Laboratory for Research and Analysis, Limoges, France. 6. Maizeroi-Eugène Society, Paris, France. 7. Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France. 8. Department of Histology, Cytology, Cellular Biology and Cytogenetics, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France. 9. Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis has a key role in the formation and evolution of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Numerous models have been developed aiming to recreate configuration of brain AVMs. OBJECTIVE: To develop an animal model sharing the same pathological characteristics as human brain AVMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten pigs were divided into two groups. Five animals underwent endovascular left common carotid artery (CCA) and external carotid artery (ECA) occlusion and five animals served as controls. DSA, associated with 3D-rotational angiography, was performed at day 0 and at 3 months in both groups. The volume of the retia was calculated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A serum levels were measured in both groups at the same time intervals. Finally, the animals were sacrificed at 3 months and the retia were harvested for pathological and immunohistochemistry examinations. RESULTS: At 3 months, a significantly higher rete volume was seen in group A than in group B (2.92±0.33 mL vs 1.87±0.69 mL, respectively; p=0.016). There was a trend for increased VEGF-A levels in group A at 3 months. In the occlusion group, histological findings showed significant reduction of media thickness and disrupted internal elastic lamina; immunohistochemistry findings showed strong reactivity for VEGF receptors and interleukin 6. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral endovascular occlusion of the CCA-ECA results in angiogenesis triggering of the rete mirabile with both significant augmentation of the rete volume and histological evidence of pro-angiogenic stimulation. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis has a key role in the formation and evolution of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Numerous models have been developed aiming to recreate configuration of brain AVMs. OBJECTIVE: To develop an animal model sharing the same pathological characteristics as human brain AVMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten pigs were divided into two groups. Five animals underwent endovascular left common carotid artery (CCA) and external carotid artery (ECA) occlusion and five animals served as controls. DSA, associated with 3D-rotational angiography, was performed at day 0 and at 3 months in both groups. The volume of the retia was calculated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A serum levels were measured in both groups at the same time intervals. Finally, the animals were sacrificed at 3 months and the retia were harvested for pathological and immunohistochemistry examinations. RESULTS: At 3 months, a significantly higher rete volume was seen in group A than in group B (2.92±0.33 mL vs 1.87±0.69 mL, respectively; p=0.016). There was a trend for increased VEGF-A levels in group A at 3 months. In the occlusion group, histological findings showed significant reduction of media thickness and disrupted internal elastic lamina; immunohistochemistry findings showed strong reactivity for VEGF receptors and interleukin 6. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral endovascular occlusion of the CCA-ECA results in angiogenesis triggering of the rete mirabile with both significant augmentation of the rete volume and histological evidence of pro-angiogenic stimulation. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
Authors: Reema B Davis; Kristy Pahl; Nicholas C Datto; Scott V Smith; Carrie Shawber; Kathleen M Caron; Julie Blatt Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-12-20 Impact factor: 4.379