A Alex Reda1, David Lindstrom2. 1. Population Studies and Training Center (PSTC), Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, RI, USA. 2. Population Studies and Training Center (PSTC), Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Ethiopia has been characterized by high population growth. Recent social and economic developments have the potential to alter reproductive patterns in the country. Some of these developments include sustained economic growth, urbanization, rapid growth in school enrollments, expansion of primary health care, and a rise in contraceptive access and use. In other national contexts, these developments have been associated with a gradual decoupling of the transition into sexual activity and marriage among young women. We investigate recent trends in the transition into first sex and marriage among three cohorts of Ethiopian women. METHODS: Using data from the 2000, 2005, and 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) we estimate survival curves and discrete-time hazards models to examine recent trends in age at first sex and first marriage among women ages 20-29. RESULTS: Across the three survey years the median age at first sex has remained relatively stable at 17 years, although the median age at marriage has increased from 17 to 18 years between the 2005 and 2011 surveys. Net of the effects of education and place of residence, there is evidence of a slight trend away from premarital first sex to sexual initiation in the context of marriage. However, among the most educated women and women living in urban areas (who are a small minority of women), there is a much greater tendency to initiate sexual activity outside of marriage compared to women with little schooling and women living in rural areas, and once they have begun sexual activity they tend to wait longer before they get married. We also find evidence in the most recent survey that women who have first sexual intercourse before marriage are delaying marriage more than was the case among earlier cohorts.
CONTEXT: Ethiopia has been characterized by high population growth. Recent social and economic developments have the potential to alter reproductive patterns in the country. Some of these developments include sustained economic growth, urbanization, rapid growth in school enrollments, expansion of primary health care, and a rise in contraceptive access and use. In other national contexts, these developments have been associated with a gradual decoupling of the transition into sexual activity and marriage among young women. We investigate recent trends in the transition into first sex and marriage among three cohorts of Ethiopian women. METHODS: Using data from the 2000, 2005, and 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) we estimate survival curves and discrete-time hazards models to examine recent trends in age at first sex and first marriage among women ages 20-29. RESULTS: Across the three survey years the median age at first sex has remained relatively stable at 17 years, although the median age at marriage has increased from 17 to 18 years between the 2005 and 2011 surveys. Net of the effects of education and place of residence, there is evidence of a slight trend away from premarital first sex to sexual initiation in the context of marriage. However, among the most educated women and women living in urban areas (who are a small minority of women), there is a much greater tendency to initiate sexual activity outside of marriage compared to women with little schooling and women living in rural areas, and once they have begun sexual activity they tend to wait longer before they get married. We also find evidence in the most recent survey that women who have first sexual intercourse before marriage are delaying marriage more than was the case among earlier cohorts.
Entities:
Keywords:
Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS); Ethiopia; intercourse; marriage; reproductive
Authors: Vinod Mishra; Martin Vaessen; J Ties Boerma; Fred Arnold; Ann Way; Bernard Barrere; Anne Cross; Rathavuth Hong; Jasbir Sangha Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2006-07 Impact factor: 9.408
Authors: M Marston; E Slaymaker; I Cremin; S Floyd; N McGrath; I Kasamba; T Lutalo; M Nyirenda; A Ndyanabo; Z Mupambireyi; B Zaba Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2009-04 Impact factor: 3.519