OBJECTIVE: The object was to examine the prevalence of ADHD among preschoolers, analyzing comorbidity, and the association with socio-demographic factors. METHOD: We conducted a two-phase epidemiological study of 1,104 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years in Catalonia, Spain. The Early Childhood Inventory-4 (ECI-4) was administered to parents and teachers. Children at risk of ADHD were assessed using open-ended face-to-face interviews and were observed in a school setting. ADHD diagnoses were based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADHD diagnosis was 5.4%. Male sex and first-born status were risk factors for ADHD. Parents reported more symptoms (12.9%) than teachers (8.7%). Behavioral problems (odds ratio [OR] = 12, p = .001), autism spectrum disorder problems (OR = 9.5, p = .001), and obsessive-compulsive problems and tics (OR = 5.9, p = .001) were specifically related to ADHD diagnosis. Mother's health status and school achievement were lower in ADHD children. CONCLUSION: Even at early stages of development, ADHD has high rates of comorbidity and a significant impact on school performance and family health.
OBJECTIVE: The object was to examine the prevalence of ADHD among preschoolers, analyzing comorbidity, and the association with socio-demographic factors. METHOD: We conducted a two-phase epidemiological study of 1,104 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years in Catalonia, Spain. The Early Childhood Inventory-4 (ECI-4) was administered to parents and teachers. Children at risk of ADHD were assessed using open-ended face-to-face interviews and were observed in a school setting. ADHD diagnoses were based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADHD diagnosis was 5.4%. Male sex and first-born status were risk factors for ADHD. Parents reported more symptoms (12.9%) than teachers (8.7%). Behavioral problems (odds ratio [OR] = 12, p = .001), autism spectrum disorder problems (OR = 9.5, p = .001), and obsessive-compulsive problems and tics (OR = 5.9, p = .001) were specifically related to ADHD diagnosis. Mother's health status and school achievement were lower in ADHDchildren. CONCLUSION: Even at early stages of development, ADHD has high rates of comorbidity and a significant impact on school performance and family health.
Authors: Konstantin Mechler; Thomas Krömer; Michael Landauer; Ralf W Dittmann; Alexander Häge Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2018-11-20 Impact factor: 4.157
Authors: Alberto José Cerrillo-Urbina; Antonio García-Hermoso; Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno; María Jesús Pardo-Guijarro; Abel Ruiz-Hermosa; Mairena Sánchez-López Journal: BMC Pediatr Date: 2018-03-15 Impact factor: 2.125
Authors: Paula Morales-Hidalgo; Carmen Hernández-Martínez; Magally Vera; Núria Voltas; Josefa Canals Journal: Int J Clin Health Psychol Date: 2016-10-25