Wenting Wu1, Shuxiang Zhang2, Caihong Hu1. 1. Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004, China. 2. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown that muscarinic receptors 3 (M3R) plays key roles in regulating tumorigenesis and tumor growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of M3R in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line SBC3 and to explore the effect of M3R antagonist on cell proliferation, apoptosis and adhesion. METHODS: SBC3 cells were cultured in vitro. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of M3R in SBC-3. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the effects of M3R antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) on the proliferation and apoptosis of SBC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the integrin expression in SBC3 and alteration of integrin expression after treating the cells with cholinergic receptor agonist acetylcholine iodide (acetylcholine iodide, Ach) and 4-DAMP. Fibronectin (Fn) coated 96-well plates were used to detect the effect of Ach, 4-DAMP and anti-integrin antibody on cell adhesion. RESULTS: M3R was expressed in SBC3 cells. 4-DAMP significantly inhibited SBC3 cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. 4-DAMP promoted cell apoptosis at a concentration of 10-4 M of 4-DAMP compared with control. αvβ1 and α5β1 integrin were expressed in SBC3 cells. 10-4 M Ach stimulated cell adhesion toward Fn significantly (P<0.01). This effect was completely abrogated by 10-5 M 4-DAMP, 5 μg/mL anti-β1 integrin antibody or anti-αv and anti-α5 integrin antibodies (P<0.01) and partially abrogated by 5 μg/mL anti-αv or anti-α5 integrin antibody (P<0.05). But Ach and 4-DAMP did not alter Fn receptor (αvβ1 or α5β1 integrin) expression. CONCLUSION: M3R is expressed in SBC3 cell. The M3R antagonist inhibits SBC3 cell proliferation, adhesion and enhances cell apoptosis. M3R antagonist inhibiting SBC3 cell adhesion is presumably modulated by functional alteration of β1 containing integrins (αvβ1 and α5β1), but not by any variation in their expression. .
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown that muscarinic receptors 3 (M3R) plays key roles in regulating tumorigenesis and tumor growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of M3R in humansmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line SBC3 and to explore the effect of M3R antagonist on cell proliferation, apoptosis and adhesion. METHODS:SBC3 cells were cultured in vitro. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of M3R in SBC-3. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the effects of M3R antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) on the proliferation and apoptosis of SBC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the integrin expression in SBC3 and alteration of integrin expression after treating the cells with cholinergic receptor agonist acetylcholine iodide (acetylcholine iodide, Ach) and 4-DAMP. Fibronectin (Fn) coated 96-well plates were used to detect the effect of Ach, 4-DAMP and anti-integrin antibody on cell adhesion. RESULTS: M3R was expressed in SBC3 cells. 4-DAMP significantly inhibited SBC3 cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. 4-DAMP promoted cell apoptosis at a concentration of 10-4 M of 4-DAMP compared with control. αvβ1 and α5β1 integrin were expressed in SBC3 cells. 10-4 M Ach stimulated cell adhesion toward Fn significantly (P<0.01). This effect was completely abrogated by 10-5 M 4-DAMP, 5 μg/mL anti-β1 integrin antibody or anti-αv and anti-α5 integrin antibodies (P<0.01) and partially abrogated by 5 μg/mL anti-αv or anti-α5 integrin antibody (P<0.05). But Ach and 4-DAMP did not alter Fn receptor (αvβ1 or α5β1 integrin) expression. CONCLUSION: M3R is expressed in SBC3 cell. The M3R antagonist inhibits SBC3 cell proliferation, adhesion and enhances cell apoptosis. M3R antagonist inhibiting SBC3 cell adhesion is presumably modulated by functional alteration of β1 containing integrins (αvβ1 and α5β1), but not by any variation in their expression. .
SBC3 cells expressed M3R. A: Expression of M3R mRNA in SCLC cell line SBC3. B: Western blot detected the protein of M3R in SBC3 cells.
SBC3细胞株表达M3R。A:PT-PCR检测M3R mRNA在SBC3中的表达。B:Western blot检测M3R蛋白在SBC3中的表达。SBC3 cells expressed M3R. A: Expression of M3R mRNA in SCLC cell line SBC3. B: Western blot detected the protein of M3R in SBC3 cells.
为检测4-DAMP对SBC3细胞的凋亡影响。我们采用了Annexin-V-FITC/PI双染法进行检测。与对照组相比,10-4 M 4-DAMP能够明显地增加SBC3细胞凋亡。正常对照组早期凋亡率为(1.56±0.11)%,药物组早期凋亡率为(6.46±1.50)%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005),对照组总凋亡率为(4.43±0.15)%,药物组总凋亡率为(16.03±1.27)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)(图 3,图 4)。
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采用Annexin V-FITC/PI流式凋亡试剂盒检测4-DAMP对SBC3细胞凋亡的影响。A:阴性对照组,未加任何干扰因素。B:终浓度为10-4 M 4-DAMP处理组。C:与正常组相比,4-DAMP处理组的早期凋亡率高于正常组。D:与正常组相比,4-DAMP组总凋亡率明显高于正常组(◆P<0.01)。
4-DAMP promoted SBC3 cell apoptosis. A: The cells treated without drug was negative control. B: The cells treated with 4-DAMP (10-4 M). After harvested, cells were stained with Annexin-v-FITC and PI. C: Representative analysis of flow cytometry for the detection of early apoptosis in SBC3 cells stimulated with and without 4-DAMP. D: Compared with control. The ratio of apoptosis was higher after exposure to 4-DAMP for 72 h (◆P < 0.01 vs control)
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流式细胞法检测SBC3整合素表达SBC3主要表达αv和β1整合素,少量表达α5整合素。
Flow cytometry detected the expression of integrin. The αv and β1 integrin were predominantly expressed in the SBC cells and α5 was minor.
采用Annexin V-FITC/PI流式凋亡试剂盒检测4-DAMP对SBC3细胞凋亡的影响。A:阴性对照组,未加任何干扰因素。B:终浓度为10-4 M 4-DAMP处理组。C:与正常组相比,4-DAMP处理组的早期凋亡率高于正常组。D:与正常组相比,4-DAMP组总凋亡率明显高于正常组(◆P<0.01)。4-DAMP promoted SBC3 cell apoptosis. A: The cells treated without drug was negative control. B: The cells treated with 4-DAMP (10-4 M). After harvested, cells were stained with Annexin-v-FITC and PI. C: Representative analysis of flow cytometry for the detection of early apoptosis in SBC3 cells stimulated with and without 4-DAMP. D: Compared with control. The ratio of apoptosis was higher after exposure to 4-DAMP for 72 h (◆P < 0.01 vs control)流式细胞法检测SBC3整合素表达SBC3主要表达αv和β1整合素,少量表达α5整合素。Flow cytometry detected the expression of integrin. The αv and β1 integrin were predominantly expressed in the SBC cells and α5 was minor.
Ach和4-DAMP对SBC3细胞表面整合素表达的影响。10-4 M Ach、10-4 M Ach+10-5 M 4-DAMP不改变SBC3细胞表面αv、β1及α5整合素的表达水平。
Ach and 4-DAMP did not have an effect on cells integrin expression. αv, α5 and β1 expression was not altered after the cells were treated with 10-4 M Ach or 10-4 M Ach+10-5 M 4-DAMP.
Ach和4-DAMP对SBC3细胞表面整合素表达的影响。10-4 M Ach、10-4 M Ach+10-5 M 4-DAMP不改变SBC3细胞表面αv、β1及α5整合素的表达水平。Ach and 4-DAMP did not have an effect on cells integrin expression. αv, α5 and β1 expression was not altered after the cells were treated with 10-4 M Ach or 10-4 M Ach+10-5 M 4-DAMP.M3R对SBC3细胞黏附的调节作用:SBC3细胞几乎不能粘附于BSA包被的96孔板,但可以粘附于Fn包被的96孔板。同时,10-4 M Ach明显地刺激SBC3细胞对Fn的粘附(P<0.01),Ach的刺激作用几乎完全被10-5M的M3R拮抗剂4-DAMP所阻断(P<0.01),部分被5 μg/mL抗-αv或抗-α5整合素抗体所阻断(P<0.05),几乎完全被5 μg/mL抗-β1整合素抗体或5 μg/mL抗-αv和抗-α5整合素抗体所阻断(P<0.01)。图 6B所示为10-5M 4-DAMP对Ach刺激的SBC3细胞粘附抑制作用的显微镜下所见。图 7B所示为整合素抗体对Ach刺激的SBC3细胞粘附抑制作用的显微镜下所见(图 6,图 7)。
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M3R对SBC3细胞粘附的调节作用。A:10-4 M Ach明显地增强SBC3细胞对Fn的粘附,10-5 M 4-DAMP完全阻断Ach对细胞粘附的刺激作用(◆P<0.01)。B:4-DAMP对Ach刺激的SBC3细胞粘附作用显微镜下表现(400×)。B1:Fn;B2:10-4 M Ach;B3:10-5 M 4-DAMP+10-4 M Ach。
Role of M3R on cells adhesion. A: 10-4 M Ach promoted cells adhesion towards Fn, but fully blocked by 10-5 M 4-DAMP. B: The influence of M3R on cells adhesion were shown under microscope (400×). B1: Fn; B2: 10-4 M Ach; B3: 10-5 M 4-DAMP+10-4 M Ach.
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整合素对SBC3细胞粘附的调节作用。A:αv或α5整合素抗体部分阻断Ach对细胞粘附的刺激作用(*P<0.05),αv和α5或β1整合素抗体完全阻断Ach对细胞粘附的刺激作用(◆P<0.01)。B:整合素抗体对Ach刺激的SBC3细胞粘附作用显微镜下表现(400×)。B1:Fn;B2:10-4 M Ach;B3:10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-αv整合素;B4:10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-α5整合素;B5:10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-αv+5 μg/mL anti-α5整合素;B6:10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-β1整合素。
Integrin regulated cell adhesion. A: anti-αv integrin antibody or anti-α5 integrin antibody could partially block the effect of cell adhesion stimulated by Ach, anti-αv integrin combine with anti-α5 integrin or anti-β1 integrin fully blocked the influence of Ach on cell adhesion. B: The photos under microscope show the role of integrin antibody have an inhibitory effect of cell adhesion stimulated by Ach (400×). B1: Fn; B2: 10-4 M Ach; B3: 10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-αv integrin; B4: 10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-α5 integrin; B5: 10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-αv integrin+5 μg/mL anti-α5 integrin; B6: 10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-β1 integrin.
M3R对SBC3细胞粘附的调节作用。A:10-4 M Ach明显地增强SBC3细胞对Fn的粘附,10-5 M 4-DAMP完全阻断Ach对细胞粘附的刺激作用(◆P<0.01)。B:4-DAMP对Ach刺激的SBC3细胞粘附作用显微镜下表现(400×)。B1:Fn;B2:10-4 M Ach;B3:10-5 M 4-DAMP+10-4 M Ach。Role of M3R on cells adhesion. A: 10-4 M Ach promoted cells adhesion towards Fn, but fully blocked by 10-5 M 4-DAMP. B: The influence of M3R on cells adhesion were shown under microscope (400×). B1: Fn; B2: 10-4 M Ach; B3: 10-5 M 4-DAMP+10-4 M Ach.整合素对SBC3细胞粘附的调节作用。A:αv或α5整合素抗体部分阻断Ach对细胞粘附的刺激作用(*P<0.05),αv和α5或β1整合素抗体完全阻断Ach对细胞粘附的刺激作用(◆P<0.01)。B:整合素抗体对Ach刺激的SBC3细胞粘附作用显微镜下表现(400×)。B1:Fn;B2:10-4 M Ach;B3:10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-αv整合素;B4:10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-α5整合素;B5:10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-αv+5 μg/mL anti-α5整合素;B6:10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-β1整合素。Integrin regulated cell adhesion. A: anti-αv integrin antibody or anti-α5 integrin antibody could partially block the effect of cell adhesion stimulated by Ach, anti-αv integrin combine with anti-α5 integrin or anti-β1 integrin fully blocked the influence of Ach on cell adhesion. B: The photos under microscope show the role of integrin antibody have an inhibitory effect of cell adhesion stimulated by Ach (400×). B1: Fn; B2: 10-4 M Ach; B3: 10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-αv integrin; B4: 10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-α5 integrin; B5: 10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-αv integrin+5 μg/mL anti-α5 integrin; B6: 10-4 M Ach+5 μg/mL anti-β1 integrin.
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