Miaomiao Wu1,2, Hao Xiao1, Gang Liu1, Shuai Chen1, Bie Tan1, Wenkai Ren1, Fuller W Bazer3, Guoyao Wu3, Yulong Yin1. 1. Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China. 2. Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. 3. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX, USA.
Abstract
SCOPE: Glutamine supplementation enhances secretory IgA (SIgA) production in the intestine, but the mechanism is largely unknown. We examined this issue using a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS: In mouse model, glutamine supplementation increased both SIgA abundance in intestinal luminal contents and IgA(+) plasma cell numbers in the mouse ileum, and decreased bacterial loads in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes. Glutamine supplementation increased mouse ileal expression of cytokines associated with T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways of SIgA induction, including IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF-β), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B cell-activating factor (BAFF), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor, and retinal dehydrogenases. Injecting an IL-13 antibody during glutamine supplementation reduced J-chain expression in the mouse ileum. Glutamine supplementation increased bacterial invasion into the mouse ileal wall, while disrupting the mouse intestinal microbiota abrogated the influence of glutamine supplementation on SIgA secretion. CONCLUSION: Glutamine supplementation appears to enhance SIgA secretion in the mouse intestine through the intestinal microbiota and subsequently through T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways.
SCOPE: Glutamine supplementation enhances secretory IgA (SIgA) production in the intestine, but the mechanism is largely unknown. We examined this issue using a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS: In mouse model, glutamine supplementation increased both SIgA abundance in intestinal luminal contents and IgA(+) plasma cell numbers in the mouse ileum, and decreased bacterial loads in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes. Glutamine supplementation increased mouse ileal expression of cytokines associated with T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways of SIgA induction, including IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF-β), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B cell-activating factor (BAFF), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor, and retinal dehydrogenases. Injecting an IL-13 antibody during glutamine supplementation reduced J-chain expression in the mouse ileum. Glutamine supplementation increased bacterial invasion into the mouse ileal wall, while disrupting the mouse intestinal microbiota abrogated the influence of glutamine supplementation on SIgA secretion. CONCLUSION:Glutamine supplementation appears to enhance SIgA secretion in the mouse intestine through the intestinal microbiota and subsequently through T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways.