A Measure of Lean Quality Improvement for Hospital Staff Nurses.

In this study, a measure of Lean management was developed and tested. Items were identified using the Delphi technique with literature review and expert responses. Twenty-five nurses pilot-tested the instrument and then 212 nurses in 5 hospitals completed the instrument, and their responses were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. The 75-item instrument includes 12 factors describing Lean management conceptualization. Reliability and validity are acceptable for a new instrument.