Yan Li1, Xiao-Lan Cao2, Bao-Liang Zhong3, Gabor S Ungvari4, Helen F K Chiu3, Kelly Y C Lai3, Wei Zheng5, Christoph U Correll6, Yu-Tao Xiang7. 1. National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Mood Disorders Centre, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. 2. Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare & Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. 4. The University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre, Perth, Australia; School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 5. Department of General Psychiatry, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital & the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong province, China. 6. Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA. 7. Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. Electronic address: xyutly@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of current smoking in male patients with schizophrenia in China. METHOD: A systematic literature search was conducted from database inception until June 20, 2015 without language restrictions in PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang Database. Studies fulfilling the following criteria were included: (a) data available in male schizophrenia patients and (b) data available on current smoking status. Statistical analyses were performed with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies met eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of current smoking was 59.1% (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 53.3-64.7%). Current smoking was significantly more frequent in inpatients than in outpatients (61.3% vs. 48.2%, Q=7.5, P=0.006), and higher in chronic compared to first-episode patients (74.5% vs. 45.1%, Q=32.3, P=0.0001). Furthermore, using a median split, patients aged 38.2 years or older smoked more often than those aged below 38.2 years (65.8% vs. 52.3%, Q=6.4, P=0.01). There were no significant associations between prevalence of current smoking and definitions of smoking, study publication year, sample size and illness duration. CONCLUSIONS: The pooled prevalence of current smoking of male patients with schizophrenia in China is lower compared to Western and other Asian countries. Possible relationships between lower prevalence of current smoking and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia require further investigation.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of current smoking in male patients with schizophrenia in China. METHOD: A systematic literature search was conducted from database inception until June 20, 2015 without language restrictions in PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang Database. Studies fulfilling the following criteria were included: (a) data available in male schizophreniapatients and (b) data available on current smoking status. Statistical analyses were performed with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies met eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of current smoking was 59.1% (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 53.3-64.7%). Current smoking was significantly more frequent in inpatients than in outpatients (61.3% vs. 48.2%, Q=7.5, P=0.006), and higher in chronic compared to first-episode patients (74.5% vs. 45.1%, Q=32.3, P=0.0001). Furthermore, using a median split, patients aged 38.2 years or older smoked more often than those aged below 38.2 years (65.8% vs. 52.3%, Q=6.4, P=0.01). There were no significant associations between prevalence of current smoking and definitions of smoking, study publication year, sample size and illness duration. CONCLUSIONS: The pooled prevalence of current smoking of male patients with schizophrenia in China is lower compared to Western and other Asian countries. Possible relationships between lower prevalence of current smoking and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia require further investigation.
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