Katharina Karsch1, Xi Chen1, Oliver Miera2, Björn Peters2, Patrick Obermeier1, Roland C Francis3, Válerie Amann2, Susanne Duwe4, Pieter Fraaij5, Alla Heider4, Marcel de Zwart6, Felix Berger2, Albert Osterhaus5, Brunhilde Schweiger4, Barbara Rath7. 1. Department of Paediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. 2. Department of Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. 3. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. 4. Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert-Koch-Institute, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany. 5. Department of Virology, ERASMUS University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 6. PRA Health Sciences Bioanalytical Laboratory, Early Development Services, Westerbrink 3, 9405 BJ, Assen, The Netherlands. 7. Department of Paediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. Barbara.Rath@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with severe influenza virus infection, multi-organ failure and organ replacement therapy may absorb and metabolize neuraminidase inhibitors differently. Systematic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic clinical trials are currently lacking in this high-risk group. Inadequate dosing increases the risk of treatment failure and drug resistance, especially in severely ill patients with elevated virus loads. This study aims to explore the impact of organ replacement therapy on oseltamivir drug concentrations. METHODS: Serial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic measurements and Sieving coefficients were assessed in two patients with severe influenza B infection requiring organ replacement therapy. RESULTS: Patient #1, a 9-year-old female with severe influenza B virus infection, biventricular assist device, and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration, received 75 mg oral oseltamivir twice-daily for 2 days, then intravenous oseltamivir with one-time renoprotective dosing (40 mg), followed by regular intravenous administration of 100 mg twice-daily. Plasma oseltamivir carboxylate concentrations were stable initially, but only regular administration of 100 mg resulted in virus load decline and clinical improvement. Patient #2, a 28-year-old female with influenza B virus infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, received 75 mg oral oseltamivir twice-daily, resulting in erratic oseltamivir blood concentrations. In both patients, drug concentrations remained well within safety margins. CONCLUSIONS: In severe cases with multi-organ failure, administration of 100 mg intravenous oseltamivir twice-daily provided reliable drug concentrations, as opposed to renoprotective and oral dosing, thereby minimizing the risk of treatment failure and drug resistance. Evidence-based pediatric dosing recommendations and effective intravenous antiviral treatment modalities are needed for intensive care patients with life-threatening influenza disease.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Patients with severe influenza virus infection, multi-organ failure and organ replacement therapy may absorb and metabolize neuraminidase inhibitors differently. Systematic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic clinical trials are currently lacking in this high-risk group. Inadequate dosing increases the risk of treatment failure and drug resistance, especially in severely ill patients with elevated virus loads. This study aims to explore the impact of organ replacement therapy on oseltamivir drug concentrations. METHODS: Serial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic measurements and Sieving coefficients were assessed in two patients with severe influenza B infection requiring organ replacement therapy. RESULTS:Patient #1, a 9-year-old female with severe influenza B virus infection, biventricular assist device, and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration, received 75 mg oral oseltamivir twice-daily for 2 days, then intravenous oseltamivir with one-time renoprotective dosing (40 mg), followed by regular intravenous administration of 100 mg twice-daily. Plasma oseltamivir carboxylate concentrations were stable initially, but only regular administration of 100 mg resulted in virus load decline and clinical improvement. Patient #2, a 28-year-old female with influenza B virus infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, received 75 mg oral oseltamivir twice-daily, resulting in erratic oseltamivir blood concentrations. In both patients, drug concentrations remained well within safety margins. CONCLUSIONS: In severe cases with multi-organ failure, administration of 100 mg intravenous oseltamivir twice-daily provided reliable drug concentrations, as opposed to renoprotective and oral dosing, thereby minimizing the risk of treatment failure and drug resistance. Evidence-based pediatric dosing recommendations and effective intravenous antiviral treatment modalities are needed for intensive care patients with life-threatening influenza disease.
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