Ana Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli1, Isolina Riaño-Galán2, Ana Fernández-Somoano3, Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz4, Mercedes Espada5, Jesús Vioque6, Adonina Tardón3. 1. Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, España. Electronic address: crdehli@yahoo.es. 2. Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, España. 3. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, España; IUOPA-Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España. 4. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, España. 5. Unidad de Química Clínica, Salud Pública Laboratorio de Bilbao, Bilbao, España. 6. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, España; Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, España.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D is an essential prohormone in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Recent studies show a high frequency of insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D in the general population worldwide. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of circulating vitamin D [25(OH)D3] deficiency and insufficiency in children and examine the associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 283 children, participants in the cohort INMA-Asturias, were studied. The 25(OH)D3 concentrations were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The prevalence of deficiency [25(OH)D3<20 ng/ml] and insufficiency [20-29.9 ng/ml] of vitamin D was estimated. Distribution of 25(OH)D3 for month of extraction of specimen, ingestion, and other factors were analysed. RESULTS: The mean 25(OH)D3 was 20.1 ng/ml (range 2.7-49.8), with 8.8% ≥ 30 ng/ml, 38.5% from 20-20.9 ng/ml, and 52.7%<20 ng/ml. Seasonal variation was found, with lower values in winter. There was no relationship between plasma levels and intake of vitamin D (median 2.7μg/day, range 0.81-12.62), time outdoors (mean 3hours, range: 0:21-6:55), or BMI or gender, but there was one found with the mother's levels during gestation. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in children at 4 years. Solar exposure might not be enough in our region. Healthy children should be encouraged to follow adequate outdoor activities with associated sun exposure. Due the deficit of intake in childhood, recommendations are needed about a varied diet with vitamin D-containing foods in this age group, especially during the winter, and assessing the need of vitamin D supplementation in children at risk.
INTRODUCTION:Vitamin D is an essential prohormone in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Recent studies show a high frequency of insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D in the general population worldwide. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of circulating vitamin D [25(OH)D3] deficiency and insufficiency in children and examine the associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 283 children, participants in the cohort INMA-Asturias, were studied. The 25(OH)D3 concentrations were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The prevalence of deficiency [25(OH)D3<20 ng/ml] and insufficiency [20-29.9 ng/ml] of vitamin D was estimated. Distribution of 25(OH)D3 for month of extraction of specimen, ingestion, and other factors were analysed. RESULTS: The mean 25(OH)D3 was 20.1 ng/ml (range 2.7-49.8), with 8.8% ≥ 30 ng/ml, 38.5% from 20-20.9 ng/ml, and 52.7%<20 ng/ml. Seasonal variation was found, with lower values in winter. There was no relationship between plasma levels and intake of vitamin D (median 2.7μg/day, range 0.81-12.62), time outdoors (mean 3hours, range: 0:21-6:55), or BMI or gender, but there was one found with the mother's levels during gestation. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency/insufficiency in children at 4 years. Solar exposure might not be enough in our region. Healthy children should be encouraged to follow adequate outdoor activities with associated sun exposure. Due the deficit of intake in childhood, recommendations are needed about a varied diet with vitamin D-containing foods in this age group, especially during the winter, and assessing the need of vitamin D supplementation in children at risk.
Authors: Miguel García-Villarino; Antonio J Signes-Pastor; Margaret R Karagas; Isolina Riaño-Galán; Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli; Joan O Grimalt; Eva Junqué; Ana Fernández-Somoano; Adonina Tardón Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-11-13 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Zeljka Karin; Barbara Gilic; Daniela Supe Domic; Zdenko Sarac; Katarina Ercegovic; Natasa Zenic; Ognjen Uljevic; Mia Peric; Josko Markic Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-11-08 Impact factor: 3.390