Bruna S Tavares1, Giovanna de Paula Vidigal1, David M Garner2, Rodrigo D Raimundo3,4,5, Luiz Carlos de Abreu3, Vitor E Valenti6. 1. Autonomic Nervous System Study Center (CESNA), Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, UNESP Marilia, Marilia, SP, Brazil. 2. Cardiorespiratory Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. 3. Laboratory of Design in Research and Scientific Writing, School of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. 4. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard Medical School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 5. Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 6. Autonomic Nervous System Study Center (CESNA), Post-Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, UNESP Presidente Prudente, Marilia, SP, Brazil.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac autonomic regulation is influenced by changes in respiratory rate, which has been demonstrated by linear analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Conversely, the complex behaviour is not well defined for HRV during this physiological state. In this sense, Higuchi Fractal Dimension is applied directly to the time series. It analyses the fractal dimension of discrete time sequences and is simpler and faster than correlation dimension and many other classical measures derived from chaos theory. We investigated chaotic behaviour of heart rate dynamics during guided breath exercises. METHOD: We investigated 21 healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 30 years. HRV was analysed 10 min before and 10 min during guided breath exercises. HRV was analysed in the time and frequency domain for linear analysis and through HFD for non-linear analysis. RESULTS: Linear analysis indicated that SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD, LF, HF and LF/HF increased during guided breath exercises. HFD analysis illustrated that between Kmax 20 to Kmax 120 intervals, was enhanced during guided breath exercises. CONCLUSION: Guided breath exercises acutely increased chaotic behaviour of HRV measured by HFD.
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac autonomic regulation is influenced by changes in respiratory rate, which has been demonstrated by linear analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Conversely, the complex behaviour is not well defined for HRV during this physiological state. In this sense, Higuchi Fractal Dimension is applied directly to the time series. It analyses the fractal dimension of discrete time sequences and is simpler and faster than correlation dimension and many other classical measures derived from chaos theory. We investigated chaotic behaviour of heart rate dynamics during guided breath exercises. METHOD: We investigated 21 healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 30 years. HRV was analysed 10 min before and 10 min during guided breath exercises. HRV was analysed in the time and frequency domain for linear analysis and through HFD for non-linear analysis. RESULTS: Linear analysis indicated that SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD, LF, HF and LF/HF increased during guided breath exercises. HFD analysis illustrated that between Kmax 20 to Kmax 120 intervals, was enhanced during guided breath exercises. CONCLUSION: Guided breath exercises acutely increased chaotic behaviour of HRV measured by HFD.
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