Eva W Iepsen1, Julie Lundgren1, Jens J Holst1, Sten Madsbad2, Signe S Torekov3. 1. Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2. Department of EndocrinologyHvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. 3. Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark torekov@sund.ku.dk.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. However, it is unknown whether they exhibit adaptive changes with respect to postprandial secretion to a sustained weight loss. DESIGN: The study was designed as a longitudinal prospective intervention study with data obtained at baseline, after 8 weeks of weight loss and 1 year after weight loss. METHODS: Twenty healthy obese individuals obtained a 13% weight loss by adhering to an 8-week very low-calorie diet (800kcal/day). After weight loss, participants entered a 52-week weight maintenance protocol. Plasma levels of GLP-1, PYY3-36, ghrelin, GIP and glucagon during a 600-kcal meal were measured before weight loss, after weight loss and after 1 year of weight maintenance. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as total AUC (tAUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC). RESULTS: Weight loss was successfully maintained for 52 weeks. iAUC for GLP-1 increased by 44% after weight loss (P<0.04) and increased to 72% at week 52 (P=0.0001). iAUC for PYY3-36 increased by 74% after weight loss (P<0.0001) and by 36% at week 52 (P=0.02). tAUC for ghrelin increased by 23% after weight loss (P<0.0001), but at week 52, the increase was reduced to 16% compared with before weight loss (P=0.005). iAUC for GIP increased by 36% after weight loss (P=0.001), but returned to before weight loss levels at week 52. Glucagon levels were unaffected by weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Meal responses of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 remained increased 1 year after weight maintenance, whereas ghrelin and GIP reverted toward before-weight loss values. Thus, an increase in appetite inhibitory mechanisms and a partly decrease in appetite-stimulating mechanisms appear to contribute to successful long-term weight loss maintenance.
OBJECTIVE: The hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. However, it is unknown whether they exhibit adaptive changes with respect to postprandial secretion to a sustained weight loss. DESIGN: The study was designed as a longitudinal prospective intervention study with data obtained at baseline, after 8 weeks of weight loss and 1 year after weight loss. METHODS: Twenty healthy obese individuals obtained a 13% weight loss by adhering to an 8-week very low-calorie diet (800kcal/day). After weight loss, participants entered a 52-week weight maintenance protocol. Plasma levels of GLP-1, PYY3-36, ghrelin, GIP and glucagon during a 600-kcal meal were measured before weight loss, after weight loss and after 1 year of weight maintenance. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as total AUC (tAUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC). RESULTS:Weight loss was successfully maintained for 52 weeks. iAUC for GLP-1 increased by 44% after weight loss (P<0.04) and increased to 72% at week 52 (P=0.0001). iAUC for PYY3-36 increased by 74% after weight loss (P<0.0001) and by 36% at week 52 (P=0.02). tAUC for ghrelin increased by 23% after weight loss (P<0.0001), but at week 52, the increase was reduced to 16% compared with before weight loss (P=0.005). iAUC for GIP increased by 36% after weight loss (P=0.001), but returned to before weight loss levels at week 52. Glucagon levels were unaffected by weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Meal responses of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 remained increased 1 year after weight maintenance, whereas ghrelin and GIP reverted toward before-weight loss values. Thus, an increase in appetite inhibitory mechanisms and a partly decrease in appetite-stimulating mechanisms appear to contribute to successful long-term weight loss maintenance.
Authors: George Thom; Stephan U Dombrowski; Naomi Brosnahan; Yasmin Y Algindan; M Rosario Lopez-Gonzalez; Giles Roditi; Michael E J Lean; Dalia Malkova Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2020-02-04 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Suraj B Teegala; Zhenyu Sheng; Miloni S Dalal; Pamela R Hirschberg; Kevin D Beck; Vanessa H Routh Journal: Brain Res Date: 2018-05-19 Impact factor: 3.252
Authors: Debra K M Tacad; Ashley P Tovar; Christine E Richardson; William F Horn; Giri P Krishnan; Nancy L Keim; Sridevi Krishnan Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2022-06-01 Impact factor: 11.567
Authors: S Nymo; S R Coutinho; J Jørgensen; J F Rehfeld; H Truby; B Kulseng; C Martins Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2017-04-25 Impact factor: 5.095