Dominic Kraus1, Georgios Naros1, Robert Bauer1, Fatemeh Khademi1, Maria Teresa Leão1, Ulf Ziemann2, Alireza Gharabaghi3. 1. Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany. 2. Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany. 3. Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany. Electronic address: alireza.gharabaghi@uni-tuebingen.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Desynchronization of sensorimotor rhythmic activity increases instantaneous corticospinal excitability, as indexed by amplitudes of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The accumulative effect of cortical stimulation in conjunction with sensorimotor desynchronization is, however, unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive pairing event-related desynchronization (ERD) with TMS of the precentral gyrus on corticospinal excitability. METHODS: Closed-loop single-pulse TMS was controlled by beta-band (16-22 Hz) ERD during motor-imagery of finger extension and applied within a brain-computer interface environment in eleven healthy subjects. The same number and pattern of stimuli were applied in a control group of eleven subjects during rest, i.e. independent of ERD. To probe for plasticity resistant to depotentiation, stimulation protocols were followed by a depotentiation task. RESULTS: Brain state-dependent application of approximately 300 TMS pulses during beta-ERD resulted in a significant increase of corticospinal excitability. By contrast, the identical stimulation pattern applied independent of beta-ERD in the control experiment resulted in a decrease of corticospinal excitability. These effects persisted beyond the period of stimulation and the depotentiation task. CONCLUSION: These results could be instrumental in developing new therapeutic approaches such as the application of closed-loop stimulation in the context of neurorehabilitation.
BACKGROUND: Desynchronization of sensorimotor rhythmic activity increases instantaneous corticospinal excitability, as indexed by amplitudes of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The accumulative effect of cortical stimulation in conjunction with sensorimotor desynchronization is, however, unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive pairing event-related desynchronization (ERD) with TMS of the precentral gyrus on corticospinal excitability. METHODS: Closed-loop single-pulse TMS was controlled by beta-band (16-22 Hz) ERD during motor-imagery of finger extension and applied within a brain-computer interface environment in eleven healthy subjects. The same number and pattern of stimuli were applied in a control group of eleven subjects during rest, i.e. independent of ERD. To probe for plasticity resistant to depotentiation, stimulation protocols were followed by a depotentiation task. RESULTS: Brain state-dependent application of approximately 300 TMS pulses during beta-ERD resulted in a significant increase of corticospinal excitability. By contrast, the identical stimulation pattern applied independent of beta-ERD in the control experiment resulted in a decrease of corticospinal excitability. These effects persisted beyond the period of stimulation and the depotentiation task. CONCLUSION: These results could be instrumental in developing new therapeutic approaches such as the application of closed-loop stimulation in the context of neurorehabilitation.
Authors: Sam Darvishi; Alireza Gharabaghi; Michael C Ridding; Derek Abbott; Mathias Baumert Journal: IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med Date: 2018-11-09 Impact factor: 3.316
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