Maria Lankinen1, Ursula Schwab2, Marjukka Kolehmainen3, Jussi Paananen4, Heli Nygren5, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso5, Kaisa Poutanen6, Tuulia Hyötyläinen7, Ulf Risérus8, Markku J Savolainen9, Janne Hukkanen9, Lea Brader10, Matti Marklund8, Fredrik Rosqvist8, Kjeld Hermansen10, Lieselotte Cloetens11, Gunilla Önning11, Inga Thorsdottir12, Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir12, Björn Åkesson13, Lars Ove Dragsted14, Matti Uusitupa15, Matej Orešič7. 1. Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and maria.lankinen@uef.fi. 2. Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine. 3. Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and. 4. Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 5. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; 6. Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; 7. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark; 8. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; 9. Research Center for Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; 10. Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 11. Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; 12. Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland and Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; 13. Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; and. 14. Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. 15. Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland;
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A healthy Nordic diet is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, but the effect on lipidomic profile is not known. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet affects the fasting plasma lipidomic profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS:Men and women (n = 200) with features of metabolic syndrome [mean age: 55 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 31.6] were randomly assigned to either a healthy Nordic (n = 104) or a control (n = 96) diet for 18 or 24 wk at 6 centers. Of the participants, 156 completed the study with plasma lipidomic measurements. The healthy Nordic diet consisted of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, berries, vegetable oils and margarines, fish, low-fat milk products, and low-fat meat. An average Nordic diet served as the control diet and included low-fiber cereal products, dairy fat-based spreads, regular-fat milk products, and a limited amount of fruits, vegetables, and berries. Lipidomic profiles were measured at baseline, week 12, and the end of the intervention (18 or 24 wk) by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The effects of the diets on the lipid variables were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Data from centers with 18- or 24-wk duration were also analyzed separately. RESULTS:Changes in 21 plasma lipids differed significantly between the groups at week 12 (false discovery rate P < 0.05), including increases in plasmalogens and decreases in ceramides in the healthy Nordic diet group compared with the control group. At the end of the study, changes in lipidomic profiles did not differ between the groups. However, when the intervention lasted 24 wk, changes in 8 plasma lipids that had been identified at 12 wk, including plasmalogens, were sustained. There were no differences in changes in plasma lipids between groups with an intervention of 18 wk. By the dietary biomarker score, adherence to diet did not explain the difference in the results related to the duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS: A healthy Nordic diet transiently modified the plasma lipidomic profile, specifically by increasing the concentrations of antioxidative plasmalogens and decreasing insulin resistance-inducing ceramides. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: A healthy Nordic diet is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, but the effect on lipidomic profile is not known. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet affects the fasting plasma lipidomic profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS:Men and women (n = 200) with features of metabolic syndrome [mean age: 55 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 31.6] were randomly assigned to either a healthy Nordic (n = 104) or a control (n = 96) diet for 18 or 24 wk at 6 centers. Of the participants, 156 completed the study with plasma lipidomic measurements. The healthy Nordic diet consisted of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, berries, vegetable oils and margarines, fish, low-fat milk products, and low-fat meat. An average Nordic diet served as the control diet and included low-fiber cereal products, dairy fat-based spreads, regular-fat milk products, and a limited amount of fruits, vegetables, and berries. Lipidomic profiles were measured at baseline, week 12, and the end of the intervention (18 or 24 wk) by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The effects of the diets on the lipid variables were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Data from centers with 18- or 24-wk duration were also analyzed separately. RESULTS: Changes in 21 plasma lipids differed significantly between the groups at week 12 (false discovery rate P < 0.05), including increases in plasmalogens and decreases in ceramides in the healthy Nordic diet group compared with the control group. At the end of the study, changes in lipidomic profiles did not differ between the groups. However, when the intervention lasted 24 wk, changes in 8 plasma lipids that had been identified at 12 wk, including plasmalogens, were sustained. There were no differences in changes in plasma lipids between groups with an intervention of 18 wk. By the dietary biomarker score, adherence to diet did not explain the difference in the results related to the duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS: A healthy Nordic diet transiently modified the plasma lipidomic profile, specifically by increasing the concentrations of antioxidative plasmalogens and decreasing insulin resistance-inducing ceramides. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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