Autologous Fat Grafting: The Science Behind the Surgery.

An invaluable part of the plastic surgeon's technical arsenal for soft tissue contouring, fat grafting continues to be plagued by unpredictable outcomes, resulting in either reoperation and/or patient dissatisfaction. Thus, extensive research has been conducted into the effects of adipose tissue procurement, processing, and placement on fat graft quality at both the cellular level and in terms of overall volume retention. Herein, we present an overview of the vast body of literature in these areas, with additional discussion of cell-assisted lipotransfer as a therapy to improve volume retention, and on the controversial use of autologous fat in the setting of prior irradiation.