Joseph Ogavu Gyagenda1, Edward Ddumba1, Raymond Odokonyero2, Mark Kaddumukasa3, Martha Sajatovic4, Kathyleen Smyth4, Elly Katabira3. 1. Mother Kevin Post graduate Medical School, Uganda Martyr's University, Nsambya Hospital, P. O. Box 5498 Kampala, Uganda. 2. Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , P.O. Box 7072 Kampala, Uganda. 3. Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7072 Kampala Uganda. 4. Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The burden of stroke worldwide is increasing rapidly. There is paucity of data on post-stroke depression (PSD) among stroke survivors in Uganda, despite the high prevalence of PSD reported elsewhere. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed adult participants with confirmed first stroke with a standardized questionnaire. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess for depression among non-aphasic patients while the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale was administered to aphasic patients. Univariable and multivariable analyses performed to describe associations with PSD. RESULTS: Forty three females (58.9%) and 30 males (41.1%) who had a stroke participated. Fifty eight (79.5%) had ischemic strokes and 12 participants (16.4%) were aphasic. The prevalence of PSD among the study participants was 31.5%. PSD was higher among patients assessed within 6 months after the onset of stroke. PSD was strongly associated with the total Barthel index of activities of daily living (BIADL) score; p=0.001. There was no significant association between demographic characteristics and PSD. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of unrecognized post-stroke depression. Post-stroke depression was strongly associated with the patient's inability to undertake activities of daily life. There is urgent need for integration of screening for and management of post-stroke depression among stroke survivors.
BACKGROUND: The burden of stroke worldwide is increasing rapidly. There is paucity of data on post-stroke depression (PSD) among stroke survivors in Uganda, despite the high prevalence of PSD reported elsewhere. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed adult participants with confirmed first stroke with a standardized questionnaire. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess for depression among non-aphasic patients while the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale was administered to aphasic patients. Univariable and multivariable analyses performed to describe associations with PSD. RESULTS: Forty three females (58.9%) and 30 males (41.1%) who had a stroke participated. Fifty eight (79.5%) had ischemic strokes and 12 participants (16.4%) were aphasic. The prevalence of PSD among the study participants was 31.5%. PSD was higher among patients assessed within 6 months after the onset of stroke. PSD was strongly associated with the total Barthel index of activities of daily living (BIADL) score; p=0.001. There was no significant association between demographic characteristics and PSD. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of unrecognized post-stroke depression. Post-stroke depression was strongly associated with the patient's inability to undertake activities of daily life. There is urgent need for integration of screening for and management of post-stroke depression among stroke survivors.
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