Beata Szczepańska1, Jadwiga Malczewska-Lenczowska1, Bożena Wajszczyk2. 1. Department of Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland. 2. Independent Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Dietary Recommended Intakes, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals, in teenagers engaged in physical activity increases the risk of health disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate selected vitamins and minerals intake in 13-15-year-old boys from sport school. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study of dietary intake was conducted among 44 boys from the School of Sport Championship (SSC). Nutritional data was collected using 24-hour recall for 3 days of week. Daily intake of minerals: sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine and vitamins: A, E, D, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, folate and niacin was estimated. The probability of insufficient intake of nutrients in relation to the standard levels: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) as well as excessive intake of them in relation to the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) were assessed. RESULTS: The highest percentage of insufficient intake concerned vitamin D (100%), potassium (69%), folate (53%), and calcium (50%), slightly lower of magnesium (27%), vitamins C (24%) and E (15%). The risk of inadequate intake of other minerals: sodium, copper, iron, zinc, phosphorus, iodine and vitamins: B6, B1, B2, A, B12, niacin, was relatively lower and amounted from 0.3% to 5.4%. The disturbingly high probability of exceeding the UL for sodium (99.5%) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A significant disproportion between the mean intake and the percentage of inadequate diets indicates a large diversity in the intake of vitamins and minerals in the group of studied boys, what was the reason of unbalanced diet. The insufficient intake concerns especially vitamin D, potassium, folate, calcium and a lesser extent magnesium, vitamins C and E. Sodium intake was disturbingly high. In order to avoid nutritional mistakes in the future education on the rational nutrition among students, their parents, and teachers is necessary.
BACKGROUND: Insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals, in teenagers engaged in physical activity increases the risk of health disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate selected vitamins and minerals intake in 13-15-year-old boys from sport school. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study of dietary intake was conducted among 44 boys from the School of Sport Championship (SSC). Nutritional data was collected using 24-hour recall for 3 days of week. Daily intake of minerals: sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine and vitamins: A, E, D, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, folate and niacin was estimated. The probability of insufficient intake of nutrients in relation to the standard levels: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) as well as excessive intake of them in relation to the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) were assessed. RESULTS: The highest percentage of insufficient intake concerned vitamin D (100%), potassium (69%), folate (53%), and calcium (50%), slightly lower of magnesium (27%), vitamins C (24%) and E (15%). The risk of inadequate intake of other minerals: sodium, copper, iron, zinc, phosphorus, iodine and vitamins: B6, B1, B2, A, B12, niacin, was relatively lower and amounted from 0.3% to 5.4%. The disturbingly high probability of exceeding the UL for sodium (99.5%) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A significant disproportion between the mean intake and the percentage of inadequate diets indicates a large diversity in the intake of vitamins and minerals in the group of studied boys, what was the reason of unbalanced diet. The insufficient intake concerns especially vitamin D, potassium, folate, calcium and a lesser extent magnesium, vitamins C and E. Sodium intake was disturbingly high. In order to avoid nutritional mistakes in the future education on the rational nutrition among students, their parents, and teachers is necessary.
Authors: Victoria Zaborova; Oxana Zolnikov; Natiya Dzhakhaya; Elena Bueverova; Alla Sedova; Anastasia Kurbatova; Victor Putilo; Maria Yakovleva; Igor Shantyr; Igor Kastyro; Mariusz Ozimek; Dmitry Korolev; Natella Krikheli; Konstantin Gurevich; Katie M Heinrich Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2022-08-11 Impact factor: 6.055