Peter Tomassen1, Griet Vandeplas1, Thibaut Van Zele1, Lars-Olaf Cardell2, Julia Arebro2, Heidi Olze3, Ulrike Förster-Ruhrmann3, Marek L Kowalski4, Agnieszka Olszewska-Ziąber4, Gabriele Holtappels1, Natalie De Ruyck1, Xiangdong Wang5, Cornelis Van Drunen6, Joaquim Mullol7, Peter Hellings8, Valerie Hox8, Elina Toskala9, Glenis Scadding10, Valerie Lund10, Luo Zhang5, Wytske Fokkens6, Claus Bachert11. 1. Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 2. Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 4. Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. 5. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 6. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 7. Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. 8. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 9. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa. 10. Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. 11. Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: claus.bachert@ugent.be.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) might not adequately reflect the pathophysiologic diversity within patients with CRS. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify inflammatory endotypes of CRS. Therefore we aimed to cluster patients with CRS based solely on immune markers in a phenotype-free approach. Secondarily, we aimed to match clusters to phenotypes. METHODS: In this multicenter case-control study patients with CRS and control subjects underwent surgery, and tissue was analyzed for IL-5, IFN-γ, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, eosinophilic cationic protein, myeloperoxidase, TGF-β1, IgE, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-specific IgE, and albumin. We used partition-based clustering. RESULTS: Clustering of 173 cases resulted in 10 clusters, of which 4 clusters with low or undetectable IL-5, eosinophilic cationic protein, IgE, and albumin concentrations, and 6 clusters with high concentrations of those markers. The group of IL-5-negative clusters, 3 clusters clinically resembled a predominant chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) phenotype without increased asthma prevalence, and 1 cluster had a TH17 profile and had mixed CRSsNP/CRSwNP. The IL-5-positive clusters were divided into a group with moderate IL-5 concentrations, a mixed CRSsNP/CRSwNP and increased asthma phenotype, and a group with high IL-5 levels, an almost exclusive nasal polyp phenotype with strongly increased asthma prevalence. In the latter group, 2 clusters demonstrated the highest concentrations of IgE and asthma prevalence, with all samples expressing Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-specific IgE. CONCLUSION: Distinct CRS clusters with diverse inflammatory mechanisms largely correlated with phenotypes and further differentiated them and provided a more accurate description of the inflammatory mechanisms involved than phenotype information only.
BACKGROUND: Current phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) might not adequately reflect the pathophysiologic diversity within patients with CRS. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify inflammatory endotypes of CRS. Therefore we aimed to cluster patients with CRS based solely on immune markers in a phenotype-free approach. Secondarily, we aimed to match clusters to phenotypes. METHODS: In this multicenter case-control study patients with CRS and control subjects underwent surgery, and tissue was analyzed for IL-5, IFN-γ, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, eosinophilic cationic protein, myeloperoxidase, TGF-β1, IgE, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-specific IgE, and albumin. We used partition-based clustering. RESULTS: Clustering of 173 cases resulted in 10 clusters, of which 4 clusters with low or undetectable IL-5, eosinophilic cationic protein, IgE, and albumin concentrations, and 6 clusters with high concentrations of those markers. The group of IL-5-negative clusters, 3 clusters clinically resembled a predominant chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) phenotype without increased asthma prevalence, and 1 cluster had a TH17 profile and had mixed CRSsNP/CRSwNP. The IL-5-positive clusters were divided into a group with moderate IL-5 concentrations, a mixed CRSsNP/CRSwNP and increased asthma phenotype, and a group with high IL-5 levels, an almost exclusive nasal polyp phenotype with strongly increased asthma prevalence. In the latter group, 2 clusters demonstrated the highest concentrations of IgE and asthma prevalence, with all samples expressing Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-specific IgE. CONCLUSION: Distinct CRS clusters with diverse inflammatory mechanisms largely correlated with phenotypes and further differentiated them and provided a more accurate description of the inflammatory mechanisms involved than phenotype information only.
Authors: Bruce K Tan; Aiko I Klingler; Julie A Poposki; Whitney W Stevens; Anju T Peters; Lydia A Suh; James Norton; Roderick G Carter; Kathryn E Hulse; Kathleen E Harris; Leslie C Grammer; Robert P Schleimer; Kevin C Welch; Stephanie S Smith; David B Conley; Robert C Kern; Atsushi Kato Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2016-09-14 Impact factor: 10.793
Authors: Neil N Patel; Michael A Kohanski; Ivy W Maina; Vasiliki Triantafillou; Alan D Workman; Charles C L Tong; Edward C Kuan; John V Bosso; Nithin D Adappa; James N Palmer; De'Broski R Herbert; Noam A Cohen Journal: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol Date: 2018-05-09 Impact factor: 3.858