Giacomo Savini1, Kenneth J Hoffer2, Marco Lombardo2, Sebastiano Serrao2, Domenico Schiano-Lomoriello2, Pietro Ducoli2. 1. From the GB Bietti Foundation IRCCS (Savini, Lombardo, Serrao, Schiano-Lomoriello, Ducoli), Rome, Italy; Stein Eye Institute (Hoffer), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; St. Mary's Eye Center (Hoffer), Santa Monica, California, USA. Electronic address: giacomo.savini@alice.it. 2. From the GB Bietti Foundation IRCCS (Savini, Lombardo, Serrao, Schiano-Lomoriello, Ducoli), Rome, Italy; Stein Eye Institute (Hoffer), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; St. Mary's Eye Center (Hoffer), Santa Monica, California, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To calculate the near focal distance of different multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) as a function of the 2 parameters that are measured before cataract surgery; that is, axial length (AL) and refractive corneal power (keratometry [K]). SETTING: GB Bietti Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy. DESIGN: Noninterventional theoretical study. METHODS: The IOL power for emmetropia was first calculated in an eye model with the AL ranging from 20 to 30 mm and K from 38 to 48 diopters (D). Then, the predicted myopic refraction for any given IOL add power (from +1.5 to +4.0 D) was calculated, and from this value the near focal distance was obtained. Calculations were also performed for the average eye (K = 43.81 D; AL = 23.65 mm). RESULTS: The near focal distance increased with increasing values of K and AL for each near power add. The near focal distance ranged between 53 cm and 72 cm (21 inches and 28 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +2.50 D, between 44 cm and 60 cm (17 inches and 24 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +3.00 D add, and between 33 cm and 44 cm (13 inches and 18 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +4.00 D add. In the average eye, the near focal distance ranges between 36 cm (near add power = 4.00 D) and 99 cm (near add power = 1.5 D). CONCLUSIONS: Longer eyes with steeper corneas showed the longest near focal distance and could experience more difficulties in focusing near objects after surgery. The opposite was true for short hyperopic eyes. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Dr. Hoffer receives licensing fees for the commercial use of the registered trademark Hoffer from all biometry manufacturers using the Hoffer Q formula to ensure that it is programmed correctly and book royalties from Slack, Inc., for the textbook IOL Power. None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
PURPOSE: To calculate the near focal distance of different multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) as a function of the 2 parameters that are measured before cataract surgery; that is, axial length (AL) and refractive corneal power (keratometry [K]). SETTING: GB Bietti Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy. DESIGN: Noninterventional theoretical study. METHODS: The IOL power for emmetropia was first calculated in an eye model with the AL ranging from 20 to 30 mm and K from 38 to 48 diopters (D). Then, the predicted myopic refraction for any given IOL add power (from +1.5 to +4.0 D) was calculated, and from this value the near focal distance was obtained. Calculations were also performed for the average eye (K = 43.81 D; AL = 23.65 mm). RESULTS: The near focal distance increased with increasing values of K and AL for each near power add. The near focal distance ranged between 53 cm and 72 cm (21 inches and 28 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +2.50 D, between 44 cm and 60 cm (17 inches and 24 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +3.00 D add, and between 33 cm and 44 cm (13 inches and 18 inches) for a multifocal IOL with +4.00 D add. In the average eye, the near focal distance ranges between 36 cm (near add power = 4.00 D) and 99 cm (near add power = 1.5 D). CONCLUSIONS: Longer eyes with steeper corneas showed the longest near focal distance and could experience more difficulties in focusing near objects after surgery. The opposite was true for short hyperopic eyes. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Dr. Hoffer receives licensing fees for the commercial use of the registered trademark Hoffer from all biometry manufacturers using the Hoffer Q formula to ensure that it is programmed correctly and book royalties from Slack, Inc., for the textbook IOL Power. None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.