Britt F Pados1, Jinhee Park, Hayley Estrem, Araba Awotwi. 1. School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (Dr Pados); School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts (Dr Park); School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Estrem); and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (Ms Awotwi).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Feeding difficulty is common in infants younger than 6 months. Identification of infants in need of specialized treatment is critical to ensure appropriate nutrition and feeding skill development. Valid and reliable assessment tools help clinicians objectively evaluate feeding. PURPOSE: To identify and evaluate assessment tools available for clinical assessment of bottle- and breastfeeding in infants younger than 6 months. METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGY: CINAHL, HaPI, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for "infant feeding" and "assessment tool." The literature (n = 237) was reviewed for relevant assessment tools. A secondary search was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed for additional literature on identified tools. FINDINGS/ RESULTS: Eighteen assessment tools met inclusion criteria. Of these, 7 were excluded because of limited available literature or because they were intended for use with a specific diagnosis or in research only. There are 11 assessment tools available for clinical practice. Only 2 of these were intended for bottle-feeding. All 11 indicated that they were appropriate for use with breastfeeding. None of the available tools have adequate psychometric development and testing. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: All of the tools should be used with caution. The Early Feeding Skills Assessment and Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool had the most supportive psychometric development and testing. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Feeding assessment tools need to be developed and tested to guide optimal clinical care of infants from birth through 6 months. A tool that assesses both bottle- and breastfeeding would allow for consistent assessment across feeding methods.
BACKGROUND: Feeding difficulty is common in infants younger than 6 months. Identification of infants in need of specialized treatment is critical to ensure appropriate nutrition and feeding skill development. Valid and reliable assessment tools help clinicians objectively evaluate feeding. PURPOSE: To identify and evaluate assessment tools available for clinical assessment of bottle- and breastfeeding in infants younger than 6 months. METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGY: CINAHL, HaPI, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for "infant feeding" and "assessment tool." The literature (n = 237) was reviewed for relevant assessment tools. A secondary search was conducted in CINAHL and PubMed for additional literature on identified tools. FINDINGS/ RESULTS: Eighteen assessment tools met inclusion criteria. Of these, 7 were excluded because of limited available literature or because they were intended for use with a specific diagnosis or in research only. There are 11 assessment tools available for clinical practice. Only 2 of these were intended for bottle-feeding. All 11 indicated that they were appropriate for use with breastfeeding. None of the available tools have adequate psychometric development and testing. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: All of the tools should be used with caution. The Early Feeding Skills Assessment and Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool had the most supportive psychometric development and testing. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Feeding assessment tools need to be developed and tested to guide optimal clinical care of infants from birth through 6 months. A tool that assesses both bottle- and breastfeeding would allow for consistent assessment across feeding methods.