Tobias Bäumer1, Alexander Schmidt2, Marcus Heldmann3, Moritz Landwehr4, Anna Simmer3, Diana Tönniges4, Thomas Münte3, Katja Lohmann5, Eckart Altenmüller6, Christine Klein5, Alexander Münchau7. 1. Department of Paediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: Tobias.baeumer@neuro.uni-luebeck.de. 2. Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany; Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, Charlottenstr. 55, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Interdisciplinary Competence Center Musicians' Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstr. 13, 1. OG, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. 3. Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. 4. Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. 5. Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. 6. Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media, Schiffgraben 48, 30175, Hanover, Germany. 7. Department of Paediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A clustering of relatives with dystonia has been reported in families with musician's dystonia suggesting a genetic contribution to this disease. The aim of the present study was to determine whether interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation is impaired in healthy family members rendering it a suitable endophenotypic marker for musician's dystonia. METHODS: Patients with musician's hand dystonia (n = 21), patients with sporadic writer's cramp (n = 15), their healthy family members (n = 27), healthy musicians (n = 12) and healthy non-musicians (n = 12) were included. An extended interview about the family history and musical activity was performed. IHI in both hemispheres was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation. RESULTS: A stepwise regression analysis revealed musical activity (p = 0.001) and a family history of dystonia (p = 0.008) but not dystonia per se, age, handedness or gender as relevant factors modulating IHI. CONCLUSION: These data support the notion of a genetic background of musician's hand dystonia and suggests that reduced IHI is a possible endophenotypic marker of this disorder.
INTRODUCTION: A clustering of relatives with dystonia has been reported in families with musician's dystonia suggesting a genetic contribution to this disease. The aim of the present study was to determine whether interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation is impaired in healthy family members rendering it a suitable endophenotypic marker for musician's dystonia. METHODS:Patients with musician's hand dystonia (n = 21), patients with sporadic writer's cramp (n = 15), their healthy family members (n = 27), healthy musicians (n = 12) and healthy non-musicians (n = 12) were included. An extended interview about the family history and musical activity was performed. IHI in both hemispheres was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation. RESULTS: A stepwise regression analysis revealed musical activity (p = 0.001) and a family history of dystonia (p = 0.008) but not dystonia per se, age, handedness or gender as relevant factors modulating IHI. CONCLUSION: These data support the notion of a genetic background of musician's hand dystonia and suggests that reduced IHI is a possible endophenotypic marker of this disorder.
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