Pulmonary angiography in pulmonary embolic disease.

Pulmonary thromboembolic disease is a serious and common complication in patients with various medical and surgical diseases. Pulmonary angiography is currently accepted as the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, but its role is still somewhat controversial. This review article attempts to answer some of these controversies by exploring the how, when, what, and where of contemporary pulmonary angiography.