Charlotte Thålin1, Melanie Demers2, Bo Blomgren3, Siu Ling Wong2, Magnus von Arbin1, Anders von Heijne4, Ann Charlotte Laska1, Håkan Wallén5, Denisa D Wagner6, Sara Aspberg5. 1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 2. Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Department of Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 5. Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 6. Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: denisa.wagner@childrens.harvard.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Large elevations of high sensitive Troponin T (hsTnT) in ischemic stroke patients is associated with a poor outcome. In a pilot study we found a high prevalence of malignancies among these patients. Since neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been linked to cancer-associated thrombosis, we hypothesized that the concomitant cerebral and myocardial ischemia could be the result of a NET-induced hypercoagulable state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical assessments, plasma analyses and autopsies with histopathology (in cases of in-hospital mortality) were performed on ischemic stroke patients with high elevations of hsTnT (N=12) and normal hsTnT (N=19). RESULTS: Patients with hsTnT elevation had an unexpectedly higher prevalence of cancer (p=0.002), half of which were diagnosed post-mortem. Autopsies of these patients revealed widespread myocardial, cerebral and pulmonary microthrombosis with H3Cit in thrombi. A pro-coagulant state and an increase of the NET specific marker citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) was found in plasma of patients with elevated hsTnT compared to patients with normal levels (p<0.001). Plasma analyses in cancer patients showed even higher H3Cit levels (p<0.001), and an increase in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, known to prime neutrophils towards NETosis. H3Cit correlated positively with thrombin-antithrombin complex (p=0.004) and soluble P-selectin (p<0.001), further linking NETosis to the pro-thrombotic state. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of known or occult cancer in our study suggests that cancer-associated arterial microthrombosis may be underestimated. By linking the thrombosis to NETs, we suggest markers of NETosis that could aid in revealing cancer in arterial microthrombosis as well as arterial microthrombosis in cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
INTRODUCTION: Large elevations of high sensitive Troponin T (hsTnT) in ischemic strokepatients is associated with a poor outcome. In a pilot study we found a high prevalence of malignancies among these patients. Since neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been linked to cancer-associated thrombosis, we hypothesized that the concomitant cerebral and myocardial ischemia could be the result of a NET-induced hypercoagulable state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical assessments, plasma analyses and autopsies with histopathology (in cases of in-hospital mortality) were performed on ischemic strokepatients with high elevations of hsTnT (N=12) and normal hsTnT (N=19). RESULTS:Patients with hsTnT elevation had an unexpectedly higher prevalence of cancer (p=0.002), half of which were diagnosed post-mortem. Autopsies of these patients revealed widespread myocardial, cerebral and pulmonary microthrombosis with H3Cit in thrombi. A pro-coagulant state and an increase of the NET specific marker citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) was found in plasma of patients with elevated hsTnT compared to patients with normal levels (p<0.001). Plasma analyses in cancerpatients showed even higher H3Cit levels (p<0.001), and an increase in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, known to prime neutrophils towards NETosis. H3Cit correlated positively with thrombin-antithrombin complex (p=0.004) and soluble P-selectin (p<0.001), further linking NETosis to the pro-thrombotic state. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of known or occult cancer in our study suggests that cancer-associated arterial microthrombosis may be underestimated. By linking the thrombosis to NETs, we suggest markers of NETosis that could aid in revealing cancer in arterial microthrombosis as well as arterial microthrombosis in cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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