| Literature DB >> 26910549 |
Claudia S Lopes1, Gabriela de Azevedo Abreu2, Debora França dos Santos2, Paulo Rossi Menezes3, Kenia Mara Baiocchi de Carvalho4, Cristiane de Freitas Cunha5, Mauricio Teixeira Leite de Vasconcellos6, Katia Vergetti Bloch7, Moyses Szklo7.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of common mental disorders in Brazilian adolescent students, according to geographical macro-regions, school type, sex, and age. METHODS We evaluated 74,589 adolescents who participated in the Cardiovascular Risk Study in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, national, school-based study conducted in 2013-2014 in cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. A self-administered questionnaire and an electronic data collector were employed. The presence of common mental disorders was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We estimated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of common mental disorders by sex, age, and school type, in Brazil and in the macro-regions, considering the sample design. RESULTS The prevalence of common mental disorders was of 30.0% (95%CI 29.2-30.8), being higher among girls (38.4%; 95%CI 37.1-39.7) when compared to boys (21.6%; 95%CI 20.5-22.8), and among adolescents who were from 15 to 17 years old (33.6%; 95%CI 32.2-35.0) compared to those aged between 12 and 14 years (26.7%; 95%CI 25.8-27.6). The prevalence of common mental disorders increased with age for both sexes, always higher in girls (ranging from 28.1% at 12 years to 44.1% at 17 years) than in boys (ranging from 18.5% at 12 years to 27.7% at 17 years). We did not observe any significant difference by macro-region or school type. Stratified analyses showed higher prevalence of common mental disorders among girls aged from 15 to 17 years of private schools in the North region (53.1; 95%CI 46.8-59.4). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of common mental disorders among adolescents and the fact that the symptoms are often vague mean these disorders are not so easily identified by school administrators or even by health services. The results of this study can help the proposition of more specific prevention and control measures, focused on highest risk subgroups.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2016 PMID: 26910549 PMCID: PMC4767030 DOI: 10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006690
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Sample size, population and prevalence of common mental disorders in cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, according to sex, age, school type and macro-region. ERICA, Brazil, 2013-2014.
| Variable | Sample | Estimated population | Prevalence (%) | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 41,225 | 5,052,137 | 38.4 | 37.1-39.7 |
| Male | 33,364 | 5,095,563 | 21.6 | 20.5-22.8 |
| Age group | ||||
| 12-14 | 34,141 | 5,348,201 | 26.7 | 25.8-27.6 |
| 15-17 | 40,448 | 4,799,499 | 33.6 | 32.2-35.0 |
| School type | ||||
| Public | 58,707 | 8,382,253 | 30.0 | 29.1-31.0 |
| Private | 15,882 | 1,765,447 | 29.8 | 28.7-30.8 |
| Macro-region | ||||
| North | 15,073 | 855,362 | 31.3 | 30.0-32.5 |
| Northeast | 23,167 | 2,165,033 | 30.2 | 28.7-31.8 |
| Midwest | 9,727 | 778,010 | 31.7 | 30.4-33.0 |
| Southeast | 17,080 | 5,153,506 | 29.3 | 28.0-30.7 |
| South | 9,542 | 1,195,789 | 30.4 | 28.6-32.2 |
| Brazil | 74,589 | 10,147,700 | 30.0 | 29.2-30.8 |
Figure 1Prevalence and 95%CI of common mental health disorders in the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants per macro-region and capitals. ERICA, Brazil, 2013-2014.
Figure 2Prevalence (%) and 95%CI of common mental disorders in the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants by sex and age. ERICA, Brazil, 2013-2014.
Prevalence (%) and 95%CI of common mental disorders in adolescents by macro-region, according to the school type, sex and age group. ERICA, Brazil, 2013-2014.
| Variable | Brazil | Macro-region | ||||||||||
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| North | Northeast | Midwest | South | Southeast | ||||||||
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| % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | |
| Public school | ||||||||||||
| Girls | ||||||||||||
| 12-14 years | 33.8 | 31.9-35.9 | 35.0 | 32.2-37.8 | 29.8 | 26.5-33.3 | 35.9 | 33.1-38.9 | 31.8 | 26.8-37.3 | 35.3 | 32.0-38.7 |
| 15-17 years | 42.3 | 40.0-44.6 | 44.9 | 43.1-46.8 | 42.5 | 40.0-45.1 | 44.7 | 42.1-47.4 | 40.7 | 36.4-45.1 | 41.7 | 37.6-46.0 |
| Boys | ||||||||||||
| 12-14 years | 20.0 | 17.9-22.2 | 18.8 | 16.9-20.8 | 23.6 | 16.1-33.1 | 19.3 | 15.5-23.7 | 23.2 | 17.5-29.9 | 18.3 | 16.2-20.6 |
| 15-17 years | 24.0 | 22.4-25.6 | 25.4 | 23.3-27.6 | 24.5 | 21.8-27.4 | 25.8 | 23.5-28.3 | 26.7 | 22.7-31.2 | 22.6 | 20.0-25.3 |
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| Total | 30.0 | 29.1-31.0 | 30.9 | 29.6-32.3 | 30.4 | 28.4-32.3 | 31.3 | 29.9-32.8 | 30.5 | 28.5-32.5 | 29.4 | 27.8-31.0 |
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| Private school | ||||||||||||
| Girls | ||||||||||||
| 12-14 years | 36.4 | 33.3-39.5 | 39.1 | 33.0-45.5 | 35.3 | 32.4-38.3 | 38.2 | 34.2-42.4 | 32.8 | 26.5-39.8 | 37.2 | 31.7-43.1 |
| 15-17 years | 46.5 | 42.6-50.5 | 53.1 | 46.8-59.4 | 47.4 | 43.8-50.9 | 44.6 | 39.4-49.9 | 42.1 | 38.0-46.3 | 46.7 | 39.7-53.9 |
| Boys | ||||||||||||
| 12-14 years | 16.3 | 14.6-18.2 | 20.4 | 15.6-26.2 | 18.1 | 15.4-21.2 | 20.0 | 14.3-27.1 | 21.5 | 15.5-29.0 | 13.0 | 11.0-15.4 |
| 15-17 years | 26.0 | 24.0-28.1 | 32.3 | 28.7-36.1 | 27.2 | 24.0-30.8 | 34.1 | 28.7-40.0 | 26.7 | 22.1-31.9 | 23.8 | 21.3-26.5 |
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| Total | 29.8 | 28.7-30.8 | 35.0 | 31.6-38.6 | 29.7 | 27.9-31.6 | 33.3 | 30.8-36.0 | 29.6 | 26.5-32.8 | 28.8 | 27.2-30.4 |
Tamanho da amostra, população e prevalências de transtornos mentais comuns nos municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes, segundo sexo, faixa etária, natureza da escola e macrorregião. ERICA, Brasil, 2013-2014.
| Variável | Amostra | População estimada | Prevalência (%) | IC95% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexo | ||||
| Feminino | 41.225 | 5.052.137 | 38,4 | 37,1-39,7 |
| Masculino | 33.364 | 5.095.563 | 21,6 | 20,5-22,8 |
| Faixa etária | ||||
| 12-14 | 34.141 | 5.348.201 | 26,7 | 25,8-27,6 |
| 15-17 | 40.448 | 4.799.499 | 33,6 | 32,2-35,0 |
| Natureza da escola | ||||
| Pública | 58.707 | 8.382.253 | 30,0 | 29,1-31,0 |
| Privada | 15.882 | 1.765.447 | 29,8 | 28,7-30,8 |
| Macrorregião | ||||
| Norte | 15.073 | 855.362 | 31,3 | 30,0-32,5 |
| Nordeste | 23.167 | 2.165.033 | 30,2 | 28,7-31,8 |
| Centro-Oeste | 9.727 | 778.010 | 31,7 | 30,4-33,0 |
| Sudeste | 17.080 | 5.153.506 | 29,3 | 28,0-30,7 |
| Sul | 9.542 | 1.195.789 | 30,4 | 28,6-32,2 |
| Brasil | 74.589 | 10.147.700 | 30,0 | 29,2-30,8 |
Figura 1Prevalência e IC95% de transtorno mental comum nos municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes por macrorregião e capital. ERICA, Brasil, 2013-2014.
Figura 2Prevalência e IC95% de transtorno mental comum nos municípios de mais de 100 mil habitantes por sexo e idade. ERICA, Brasil, 2013-2014.
Prevalência e IC95% de transtornos mentais comuns em adolescentes por macrorregião, segundo natureza da escola, sexo e faixa etária. ERICA, Brasil, 2013-2014.
| Variável | Brasil | Macrorregião | ||||||||||
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| Norte | Nordeste | Centro-Oeste | Sul | Sudeste | ||||||||
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| % | IC95% | % | IC95% | % | IC95% | % | IC95% | % | IC95% | % | IC95% | |
| Escola Pública | ||||||||||||
| Meninas | ||||||||||||
| 12-14 anos | 33,8 | 31,9-35,9 | 35,0 | 32,2-37,8 | 29,8 | 26,5-33,3 | 35,9 | 33,1-38,9 | 31,8 | 26,8-37,3 | 35,3 | 32,0-38,7 |
| 15-17 anos | 42,3 | 40,0-44,6 | 44,9 | 43,1-46,8 | 42,5 | 40,0-45,1 | 44,7 | 42,1-47,4 | 40,7 | 36,4-45,1 | 41,7 | 37,6-46,0 |
| Meninos | ||||||||||||
| 12-14 anos | 20,0 | 17,9-22,2 | 18,8 | 16,9-20,8 | 23,6 | 16,1-33,1 | 19,3 | 15,5-23,7 | 23,2 | 17,5-29,9 | 18,3 | 16,2-20,6 |
| 15-17 anos | 24,0 | 22,4-25,6 | 25,4 | 23,3-27,6 | 24,5 | 21,8-27,4 | 25,8 | 23,5-28,3 | 26,7 | 22,7-31,2 | 22,6 | 20,0-25,3 |
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| Total | 30,0 | 29,1-31,0 | 30,9 | 29,6-32,3 | 30,4 | 28,4-32,3 | 31,3 | 29,9-32,8 | 30,5 | 28,5-32,5 | 29,4 | 27,8-31,0 |
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| Escola Privada | ||||||||||||
| Meninas | ||||||||||||
| 12-14 anos | 36,4 | 33,3-39,5 | 39,1 | 33,0-45,5 | 35,3 | 32,4-38,3 | 38,2 | 34,2-42,4 | 32,8 | 26,5-39,8 | 37,2 | 31,7-43,1 |
| 15-17 anos | 46,5 | 42,6-50,5 | 53,1 | 46,8-59,4 | 47,4 | 43,8-50,9 | 44,6 | 39,4-49,9 | 42,1 | 38,0-46,3 | 46,7 | 39,7-53,9 |
| Meninos | ||||||||||||
| 12-14 anos | 16,3 | 14,6-18,2 | 20,4 | 15,6-26,2 | 18,1 | 15,4-21,2 | 20,0 | 14,3-27,1 | 21,5 | 15,5-29,0 | 13,0 | 11,0-15,4 |
| 15-17 anos | 26,0 | 24,0-28,1 | 32,3 | 28,7-36,1 | 27,2 | 24,0-30,8 | 34,1 | 28,7-40,0 | 26,7 | 22,1-31,9 | 23,8 | 21,3-26,5 |
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| Total | 29,8 | 28,7-30,8 | 35,0 | 31,6-38,6 | 29,7 | 27,9-31,6 | 33,3 | 30,8-36,0 | 29,6 | 26,5-32,8 | 28,8 | 27,2-30,4 |