| Literature DB >> 26910542 |
Fábio Chigres Kuschnir1, Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel2, Dirceu Solé3, Eduardo Costa4, Mara Morelo Rocha Felix5, Cecília Lacroix de Oliveira6, Maurício Teixeira Leite de Vasconcellos7, Maria Cristina Caetano Kuschnir8.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of asthma and physician-diagnosed asthma in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional, national, school-based study with adolescents from 12 to 17 years old, participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The study stratified the sample by region and grouped according to schools and classes with representativeness to the set of cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants of the Country, macro-regions, capitals, and Federal District. A questionnaire collected data through a self-filled in method. We calculated the prevalences and their confidence intervals of 95% (95%CI) according to sex, age group, type of school and skin color. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2014, 74,589 adolescents were evaluated, 55.3% of the female sex. The total prevalence of active asthma was of 13.1% (95%CI 12.1-13.9), being higher in girls (14.8%; 95%CI 13.7-16.0) when compared to boys (11.2%; 95%CI 10.3-12.2) in all geographical strata examined. It was also higher between students of private schools (15.9%; 95%CI 14.2-17.7) when compared to public ones (12.4%; 95%CI 11.4-13.4). It was higher in the Southeast region (14.5%; 95%CI 12.9-16.1), and in the city of Sao Paulo (16.7%; 95%CI 14.7-18.7). The lowest prevalence was observed in North region (9.7%; 95%CI 9.7-10.5), and in Teresina (6.3%; 95%CI 4.9-7.7). The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.2-9.1); higher in the North region (13.5%; 95%CI 12.7-14.2), and in Porto Alegre (19.8%; 95%CI 17.5-22.3). It was lower in the Midwest (6.9%; 95%CI 6.0-7.8), and in Cuiaba (4.8%; 95%CI 3.8-5.9). We found no significant difference in the expression of this rate between the sexes, as well as in other variables evaluated by the study. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of asthma in Brazilian adolescents is high. Rates of active asthma and physician-diagnosed asthma vary widely in different regions and capitals evaluated by the ERICA. These results may assist in the preparation of preventive programs and policies on health and a better understanding of the factors associated with asthma in this age group.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2016 PMID: 26910542 PMCID: PMC4767043 DOI: 10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006682
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Prevalence (%) of asthma and physician-diagnosed asthma in Brazilian adolescents according to macro-regions, sex, age, and type of school network. ERICA, 2013-2014.
| Variable | Sample | Estimated population | Did not answer questionnaire | Active asthma | Physician-diagnosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
| |||||
| % | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | |||
| Macro-regions | |||||||
| North | 15,073 | 855,362 | 27.0 | 9.7 | 9.0-10.5 | 13.5 | 12.7-14.2 |
| Northeast | 23,167 | 2,165,033 | 27.0 | 10.1 | 8.8-11.4 | 9.0 | 8.1-9.9 |
| Midwest | 9,727 | 778,010 | 31.7 | 13.6 | 11.9-15.3 | 6.9 | 6.0-7.8 |
| Southeast | 17,080 | 5,153,506 | 28.6 | 14.5 | 12.9-16.1 | 7.6 | 6.8-8.3 |
| South | 9,542 | 1,195,789 | 19.0 | 13.9 | 12.5-15.3 | 10.4 | 8.9-11.9 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 41,225 | 5,052,137 | 24.2 | 14.8 | 13.7-16.0 | 8.5 | 7.8-9.1 |
| Male | 33,364 | 5,095,563 | 30.4 | 11.2 | 10.3-12.2 | 8.9 | 8.2-9.5 |
| Age (in years) | |||||||
| 12-14 | 34,141 | 5,348,201 | 22.4 | 12.6 | 11.3-13.9 | 8.9 | 8.3-9.5 |
| 15-17 | 40,448 | 4,799,499 | 30.6 | 13.4 | 12.3-14.6 | 8.4 | 7.7-9.1 |
| Type of school | |||||||
| Private | 15,882 | 1,765,446 | 21.6 | 15.9 | 14.2-17.7 | 9.6 | 8.7-10.5 |
| Public | 58,707 | 8,382,253 | 28.3 | 12.4 | 11.4-13.4 | 8.5 | 7.9-9.0 |
| Brazil | 74,589 | 10,147,700 | 27.1 | 13.1 | 12.1-13.9 | 8.7 | 8.2-9.1 |
Prevalence (%) of active asthma in adolescents from 12 to 17 years old by sex, according to the Brazilian state capitals. ERICA, 2013-2014.
| States capital | Sample | Estimated population | Active asthma | Female | Male | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | |||
| Porto Velho | 1,349 | 5,2526 | 11.0 | 8.1-13.9 | 12.9 | 9.5-16.3 | 9.1 | 5.3-12.8 |
| Rio Branco | 1,740 | 39,603 | 8.9 | 7.4-10.4 | 12.3 | 10.1-14.5 | 5.4 | 4.0-6.9 |
| Manaus | 3,549 | 214,042 | 10.2 | 9.1-11.3 | 12.4 | 10.6-14.2 | 8.0 | 6.7-9.3 |
| Boa Vista | 750 | 35,813 | 11.5 | 8.4-14.7 | 12.7 | 8.1-17.2 | 10.4 | 5.0-15.8 |
| Belem | 2,329 | 138,765 | 10.6 | 9.0-12.2 | 12.0 | 10.3-13.8 | 9.1 | 7.1-11.1 |
| Macapa | 1,370 | 52,573 | 12.9 | 10.7-15.1 | 16.4 | 13.0-19.9 | 9.2 | 6.6-11.8 |
| Palmas | 1,170 | 27,928 | 10.9 | 8.3-13.6 | 12.6 | 9.0-16.2 | 9.3 | 6.6-11.9 |
| Sao Luis | 2,577 | 105,548 | 7.4 | 6.0-8.8 | 8.6 | 7.0-10.1 | 6.2 | 4.2-8.2 |
| Teresina | 1,733 | 83,365 | 6.3 | 4.9-7.7 | 8.0 | 5.8-10.3 | 4.6 | 2.9-6.4 |
| Fortaleza | 2,665 | 244,925 | 10.3 | 9.0-11.6 | 12.1 | 10.3-13.9 | 8.5 | 6.5-10.4 |
| Natal | 1,944 | 79,819 | 10.9 | 8.5-13.2 | 13.6 | 11.2-16.0 | 8.2 | 5.4-10.9 |
| Joao Pessoa | 1,956 | 70,050 | 7.8 | 6.4-9.2 | 9.0 | 7.2-10.80 | 6.7 | 4.9-8.4 |
| Recife | 2,534 | 896,251 | 9.6 | 7.3-11.9 | 9.8 | 9.3-10.2 | 3.5 | 3.1-3.9 |
| Maceio | 2,082 | 101,491 | 8.0 | 6.4-9.7 | 9.7 | 7.3-12.2 | 6.4 | 4.4-8.4 |
| Aracaju | 1,788 | 59,576 | 9.4 | 7.2-11.7 | 10.3 | 6.8-13.9 | 8.6 | 6.3-10.8 |
| Salvador | 1,890 | 252,397 | 8.4 | 6.4-10.5 | 10.2 | 7.6-12.8 | 6.6 | 3.9-9.4 |
| Campo Grande | 1,223 | 78,769 | 11.0 | 8.6-13.4 | 11.6 | 8.4-14.9 | 10.3 | 6.4-14.2 |
| Cuiaba | 1,910 | 52,153 | 11.5 | 9.8-13.2 | 13.6 | 11.3-15.9 | 9.6 | 6.9-12.2 |
| Goiania | 1,598 | 125,057 | 15.4 | 13.1-17.7 | 16.4 | 13.9-18.9 | 14.5 | 10.5-18.4 |
| Brasilia | 2,689 | 268,118 | 14.8 | 12.6-17.1 | 16.2 | 14.2-18.3 | 13.4 | 9.8-17.0 |
| Belo Horizonte | 2,569 | 203,990 | 15.8 | 13.9-17.7 | 19.0 | 6.7-21.3 | 12.6 | 10.5-14.8 |
| Vitoria | 1,372 | 29,237 | 11.7 | 9.8-13.5 | 12.4 | 10.0-14.9 | 10.9 | 8.2-13.5 |
| Rio de Janeiro | 3,516 | 516,063 | 8.9 | 7.7-10.0 | 10.7 | 8.6-12.7 | 7.1 | 5.2-9.0 |
| Sao Paulo | 3,700 | 980,486 | 16.7 | 14.7-18.7 | 19.8 | 16.3-23.3 | 13.6 | 12.0-15.2 |
| Curitiba | 2,532 | 156,140 | 14.6 | 13.1-16.2 | 15.8 | 13.5-18.0 | 13.5 | 10.9-16.1 |
| Florianopolis | 1,145 | 36,420 | 12.5 | 9.0-16.0 | 15.0 | 10.8-19.2 | 10.0 | 6.7-13.2 |
| Porto Alegre | 1,948 | 114,959 | 14.9 | 12.9-16.8 | 17.6 | 14.4-20.9 | 12.2 | 9.9-14.4 |
Figure 1Prevalence (%) and 95%CI of physician-diagnosed asthma in adolescents of 12-17 years old according to the Brazilian state capitals. ERICA, 2013-2014.
Figure 2Prevalence (%) of active asthma in adolescents who participated in the ISAAC phase III (2003/2012), PeNSE, and ERICA.
Figure 3Prevalence (%) of physician-diagnosed asthma in adolescents who participate in the ISAAC phase III (2003/2012), PeNSE, and ERICA.
Prevalência (%) de asma ativa e de asma diagnosticada pelo médico em adolescentes brasileiros segundo macrorregiões, sexo, faixa etária e tipo de rede escolar. ERICA, 2013-2014.
| Variável | Amostra | População estimada | Não resposta ao questionário | Asma ativa | Diagnóstico médico | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| % | % | IC95% | % | IC95% | |||
| Macrorregiões | |||||||
| Norte | 15.073 | 855.362 | 27,0 | 9,7 | 9,0-10,5 | 13,5 | 12,7-14,2 |
| Nordeste | 23.167 | 2.165.033 | 27,0 | 10,1 | 8,8-11,4 | 9,0 | 8,1-9,9 |
| Centro-Oeste | 9.727 | 778.010 | 31,7 | 13,6 | 11,9-15,3 | 6,9 | 6,0-7,8 |
| Sudeste | 17.080 | 5.153.506 | 28,6 | 14,5 | 12,9-16,1 | 7,6 | 6,8-8,3 |
| Sul | 9.542 | 1.195.789 | 19,0 | 13,9 | 12,5-15,3 | 10,4 | 8,9-11,9 |
| Sexo | |||||||
| Feminino | 41.225 | 5.052.137 | 24,2 | 14,8 | 13,7-16,0 | 8,5 | 7,8-9,1 |
| Masculino | 33.364 | 5.095.563 | 30,4 | 11,2 | 10,3-12,2 | 8,9 | 8,2-9,5 |
| Faixa etária (em anos) | |||||||
| 12-14 | 34.141 | 5.348.201 | 22,4 | 12,6 | 11,3-13,9 | 8,9 | 8,3-9,5 |
| 15-17 | 40.448 | 4.799.499 | 30,6 | 13,4 | 12,3-14,6 | 8,4 | 7,7-9,1 |
| Tipo de escola | |||||||
| Privada | 15.882 | 1.765.446 | 21,6 | 15,9 | 14,2-17,7 | 9,6 | 8,7-10,5 |
| Pública | 58.707 | 8.382.253 | 28,3 | 12,4 | 11,4-13,4 | 8,5 | 7,9-9,0 |
| Brasil | 74.589 | 10.147.700 | 27,1 | 13,1 | 12,1-13,9 | 8,7 | 8,2-9,1 |
Prevalência (%) de asma ativa em adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos por sexo, segundo as capitais brasileiras. ERICA, 2013-2014.
| Capital | Amostra | População estimada | Asma ativa | Feminino | Masculino | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| % | IC95% | % | IC95% | % | IC95% | |||
| Porto Velho | 1.349 | 5.2526 | 11,0 | 8,1-13,9 | 12,9 | 9,5-16,3 | 9,1 | 5,3-12,8 |
| Rio Branco | 1.740 | 39.603 | 8,9 | 7,4-10,4 | 12,3 | 10,1-14,5 | 5,4 | 4,0-6,9 |
| Manaus | 3.549 | 214.042 | 10,2 | 9,1-11,3 | 12,4 | 10,6-14,2 | 8,0 | 6,7-9,3 |
| Boa Vista | 750 | 35.813 | 11,5 | 8,4-14,7 | 12,7 | 8,1-17,2 | 10,4 | 5,0-15,8 |
| Belém | 2.329 | 138.765 | 10,6 | 9,0-12,2 | 12,0 | 10,3-13,8 | 9,1 | 7,1-11,1 |
| Macapá | 1.370 | 52.573 | 12,9 | 10,7-15,1 | 16,4 | 13,0-19,9 | 9,2 | 6,6-11,8 |
| Palmas | 1.170 | 27.928 | 10,9 | 8,3-13,6 | 12,6 | 9,0-16,2 | 9,3 | 6,6-11,9 |
| São Luís | 2.577 | 105.548 | 7,4 | 6,0-8,8 | 8,6 | 7,0-10,1 | 6,2 | 4,2-8,2 |
| Teresina | 1.733 | 83.365 | 6,3 | 4,9-7,7 | 8,0 | 5,8-10,3 | 4,6 | 2,9-6,4 |
| Fortaleza | 2.665 | 244.925 | 10,3 | 9,0-11,6 | 12,1 | 10,3-13,9 | 8,5 | 6,5-10,4 |
| Natal | 1.944 | 79.819 | 10,9 | 8,5-13,2 | 13,6 | 11,2-16,0 | 8,2 | 5.4-10,9 |
| João Pessoa | 1.956 | 70.050 | 7,8 | 6,4-9,2 | 9,0 | 7,2-10,80 | 6,7 | 4,9-8,4 |
| Recife | 2.534 | 896.251 | 9,6 | 7,3-11,9 | 9,8 | 9,3-10,2 | 3,5 | 3,1-3,9 |
| Maceió | 2.082 | 101.491 | 8,0 | 6,4-9,7 | 9,7 | 7,3-12,2 | 6,4 | 4,4-8,4 |
| Aracaju | 1.788 | 59.576 | 9,4 | 7,2-11,7 | 10,3 | 6,8-13,9 | 8,6 | 6,3-10,8 |
| Salvador | 1.890 | 252.397 | 8,4 | 6,4-10,5 | 10,2 | 7,6-12,8 | 6,6 | 3,9-9,4 |
| Campo Grande | 1.223 | 78.769 | 11,0 | 8,6-13,4 | 11,6 | 8,4-14,9 | 10,3 | 6,4-14,2 |
| Cuiabá | 1.910 | 52.153 | 11,5 | 9,8-13,2 | 13,6 | 11,3-15,9 | 9,6 | 6,9-12,2 |
| Goiânia | 1.598 | 125.057 | 15,4 | 13,1-17,7 | 16,4 | 13,9-18,9 | 14,5 | 10,5-18,4 |
| Brasília | 2.689 | 268.118 | 14,8 | 12,6-17,1 | 16,2 | 14,2-18,3 | 13,4 | 9,8-17,0 |
| Belo Horizonte | 2.569 | 203.990 | 15,8 | 13,9-17,7 | 19,0 | 6,7-21,3 | 12,6 | 10,5-14,8 |
| Vitória | 1.372 | 29.237 | 11,7 | 9,8-13,5 | 12,4 | 10,0-14,9 | 10,9 | 8,2-13,5 |
| Rio de Janeiro | 3.516 | 516.063 | 8,9 | 7,7-10,0 | 10,7 | 8,6-12,7 | 7,1 | 5,2-9,0 |
| São Paulo | 3.700 | 980.486 | 16,7 | 14,7-18,7 | 19,8 | 16,3-23,3 | 13,6 | 12,0-15,2 |
| Curitiba | 2.532 | 156.140 | 14,6 | 13,1-16,2 | 15,8 | 13,5-18,0 | 13,5 | 10,9-16,1 |
| Florianópolis | 1.145 | 36.420 | 12,5 | 9,0-16,0 | 15,0 | 10,8-19,2 | 10,0 | 6,7-13,2 |
| Porto Alegre | 1.948 | 114.959 | 14,9 | 12,9-16,8 | 17,6 | 14,4-20,9 | 12,2 | 9,9-14,4 |
Figura 1Prevalência (%) e IC95% de asma diagnosticada pelo médico em adolescentes de 12-17 anos segundo as capitais brasileiras. ERICA, 2013-2014.
Figura 2Prevalência (%) de asma ativa em adolescentes participantes do ISAAC fase III (2003-2012), PeNSE e ERICA.
Figura 3Prevalência (%) de diagnóstico médico de asma em adolescentes participantes do ISAAC fase III (2003-2012), PeNSE e ERICA.