| Literature DB >> 26910539 |
Juliana Souza Oliveira1, Laura Augusta Barufaldi2, Gabriela de Azevedo Abreu3, Vanessa Sá Leal1, Gisela Soares Brunken4, Sandra Mary Lima Vasconcelos5, Marize Melo dos Santos6, Katia Vergetti Bloch3.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the length of exposure to screens and the prevalence of consumption of meals and snacks by Brazilian adolescents in front of screens. METHODS We evaluated 74,589 12 to 17-year old adolescents from 1,247 schools in 124 Brazilian municipalities. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Its segment regarding nutrition contained questions about using TV, computers, and video game systems, having meals while watching TV, and consuming snacks in front of screens. Consumption of meals and snacks in front of screens was analyzed according to the following variables: geographical region, gender, age range, type of school (public or private), and school shift. The prevalences and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated under a complex sampling design. RESULTS A great deal of the adolescents (51.8% IC95% 50.7-53.0) [corrected] reported spending two or more hours a day in front of screens. That habit was more frequent among male adolescents, private school students, morning shift students, and students from Brazil's South region. More than half of the adolescents (56.6%, 95%CI 55.4-57.8) reported almost always or always having meals in front of TV, and 39.6% (95%CI 38.8-40.5) of them said they consumed snacks in front of screens exactly as often. Both situations were the most prevalent ones among the girls, who attended public schools and were from Brazil's Midwest region. CONCLUSIONS Length of exposure to screens and consumption of meals and snacks almost always or always in front of screens are high among Brazilian adolescents. It is necessary to develop strategies aiming to reduce the length of screen use, considering the media reality that children and adolescents have been experiencing from earlier and earlier ages. That context must therefore be analyzed in an indissociable way.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2016 PMID: 26910539 PMCID: PMC4767035 DOI: 10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006680
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Sociodemographic characteristics of the studied population. ERICA, Brazil, 2013-2014.
| Variable | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Female | 41,225 | 55.3 |
| Male | 33,364 | 44.7 |
| Age (years) | ||
| 12-14 | 34,151 | 45.8 |
| 15-17 | 40,448 | 54.2 |
| Type of school | ||
| Public | 58,707 | 78.7 |
| Private | 15,882 | 21.3 |
| School shift | ||
| Morning | 53,353 | 71.5 |
| Afternoon | 21,236 | 28.5 |
| Geographical region | ||
| North | 15,073 | 20.2 |
| Northeast | 23,167 | 31.1 |
| Midwest | 9,727 | 13.0 |
| Southeast | 17,080 | 22.9 |
| South | 9,542 | 12.8 |
Prevalences (%) and 95%CI of exposure to screens for longer than 2h a day in adolescents, according to their sociodemographic characteristics and the ones of their schools. ERICA, Brazil, 2013-2014.
| Variable | Overexposure to screens (≥ 2 hours) | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| % | 95%CI | |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 72.3 | 70.8-73.7 |
| Male | 74.7 | 73.0-76.4 |
| Age (years) | ||
| 12-14 | 73.2 | 71.6-74.8 |
| 15-17 | 73.8 | 72.0-75.6 |
| Type of school | ||
| Public | 72.4 | 71.1-73.6 |
| Private | 78.7 | 75.6-81.5 |
| School shift | ||
| Morning | 75.0 | 73.3-76.6 |
| Afternoon | 70.6 | 68.2-71.9 |
| Geographical region | ||
| North | 60.2 | 58.4-61.9 |
| Northeast | 69.2 | 66.6-71.6 |
| Midwest | 73.4 | 71.8-74.9 |
| Southeast | 76.5 | 74.4-78.6 |
| South | 77.9 | 76.5-79.4 |
|
| ||
| Total | 73.5 | 72.3-74.7 |
Prevalence (%) of having meals in front of television by adolescents according to their sociodemographic characteristics and the ones of their schools. ERICA, Brazil, 2013-2014.
| Variable | Consumption of meals in front of television | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Never | Sometimes | Almost always or always | ||||
|
| ||||||
| % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 11.8 | 11.1-12.6 | 31.0 | 29.9-32.2 | 57.1 | 55.6-58.6 |
| Male | 13.8 | 12.2-15.4 | 30.2 | 28.8-31.7 | 56.0 | 54.5-57.6 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 12-14 | 12.3 | 10.9-13.8 | 30.7 | 29.7-31.8 | 57.0 | 55.3-58.6 |
| 15-17 | 13.4 | 12.4-14.4 | 30.5 | 29.4-31.6 | 56.1 | 54.5-57.7 |
| Type of school | ||||||
| Public | 11.3 | 10.5-12.1 | 30.5 | 29.6-31.5 | 58.2 | 56.7-59.4 |
| Private | 20.0 | 17.6-22.6 | 31.0 | 29.3-32.8 | 49.0 | 46.7-51.2 |
| School shift | ||||||
| Morning | 13.2 | 11.9-14.5 | 29.8 | 28.9-30.8 | 57.0 | 55.5-58.5 |
| Afternoon | 12.0 | 11.2-13.0 | 32.4 | 30.9-33.9 | 55.6 | 53.7-57.4 |
| Geographical region | ||||||
| North | 15.5 | 14.5-16.6 | 36.5 | 35.5-37.5 | 48.0 | 46.7-49.3 |
| Northeast | 11.5 | 10.1-12.9 | 34.9 | 33.3-36.6 | 53.6 | 51.3-55.9 |
| Midwest | 11.3 | 10.3-12.5 | 26.7 | 25.2-28.3 | 61.9 | 60.3-63.5 |
| Southeast | 12.0 | 10.3-13.9 | 28.4 | 27.2-29.6 | 59.7 | 57.6-61.7 |
| South | 17.8 | 16.3-19.3 | 30.9 | 28.5-33.4 | 51.3 | 48.3-54.4 |
|
| ||||||
| Total | 12.8 | 11.8-13.8 | 30.6 | 29.8-31.4 | 56.6 | 55.4-57.8 |
Consumption of snacks in front of television by adolescents according to their sociodemographic characteristics and the ones of their schools. ERICA, Brazil, 2013-2014.
| Variable | Consumption of snacks in front of screens | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Never | Sometimes | Almost always or always | ||||
|
| ||||||
| % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 8.6 | 8.0-9.4 | 49.7 | 48.8-50.6 | 41.7 | 40.7-42.6 |
| Male | 11.0 | 10.2-12.0 | 51.4 | 50.0-52.7 | 37.6 | 36.2-39.0 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 12-14 | 9.2 | 8.6-9.8 | 49.5 | 48.3-50.8 | 41.3 | 40.0-42.6 |
| 15-17 | 10.6 | 9.7-11.6 | 51.6 | 50.7-52.6 | 37.8 | 36.6-38.9 |
| Type of school | ||||||
| Public | 9.7 | 9.1-10.4 | 49.4 | 48.7-50.2 | 40.8 | 40.0-41.7 |
| Private | 10.4 | 9.2-11.6 | 55.7 | 54.0-57.4 | 33.9 | 32.4-35.4 |
| School shift | ||||||
| Morning | 10.1 | 9.4-10.9 | 50.9 | 50.0-51.8 | 39.0 | 38.0-40.0 |
| Afternoon | 9.2 | 8.5-10.1 | 49.7 | 48.4-51.2 | 41.0 | 39.5-42.6 |
| Geographical region | ||||||
| North | 15.5 | 14.5-16.5 | 53.6 | 52.2-55.0 | 30.9 | 29.6-32.3 |
| Northeast | 9.6 | 8.8-10.5 | 51.1 | 48.9-53.3 | 39.3 | 37.5-41.1 |
| Midwest | 8.8 | 8.1-9.6 | 47.2 | 45.3-49.0 | 44.0 | 42.1-45.9 |
| Southeast | 9.4 | 8.4-10.5 | 49.7 | 48.6-50.8 | 40.9 | 39.6-42.3 |
| South | 8.7 | 7.7-9.8 | 53.2 | 51.7-54.6 | 38.1 | 36.4-39.9 |
|
| ||||||
| Total | 9.8 | 9.3-10.4 | 50.5 | 49.8-51.3 | 39.6 | 38.8-40.5 |
Características sociodemográficas da população de estudo. ERICA, Brasil, 2013-2014.
| Variável | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Sexo | ||
| Feminino | 41.225 | 55,3 |
| Masculino | 33.364 | 44,7 |
| Idade (anos) | ||
| 12-14 | 34.151 | 45,8 |
| 15-17 | 40.448 | 54,2 |
| Tipo de escola | ||
| Pública | 58.707 | 78,7 |
| Particular | 15.882 | 21,3 |
| Turno de estudo | ||
| Manhã | 53.353 | 71,5 |
| Tarde | 21.236 | 28,5 |
| Região geográfica | ||
| Norte | 15.073 | 20,2 |
| Nordeste | 23.167 | 31,1 |
| Centro-Oeste | 9.727 | 13,0 |
| Sudeste | 17.080 | 22,9 |
| Sul | 9.542 | 12,8 |
Prevalências (%) e IC95% de tempo de telas maior que 2h/dia em adolescentes segundo características sociodemográficas e da escola. ERICA, Brasil, 2013-2014.
| Variável | Exposição excessiva em frente a telas (≥ 2 horas) | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| % | IC95% | |
| Sexo | ||
| Feminino | 72,3 | 70,8-73,7 |
| Masculino | 74,7 | 73,0-76,4 |
| Idade (anos) | ||
| 12-14 | 73,2 | 71,6-74,8 |
| 15-17 | 73,8 | 72,0-75,6 |
| Tipo de escola | ||
| Pública | 72,4 | 71,1-73,6 |
| Particular | 78,7 | 75,6-81,5 |
| Turno de estudo | ||
| Manhã | 75,0 | 73,3-76,6 |
| Tarde | 70,6 | 68,2-71,9 |
| Região geográfica | ||
| Norte | 60,2 | 58,4-61,9 |
| Nordeste | 69,2 | 66,6-71,6 |
| Centro-Oeste | 73,4 | 71,8-74,9 |
| Sudeste | 76,5 | 74,4-78,6 |
| Sul | 77,9 | 76,5-79,4 |
|
| ||
| Total | 73,5 | 72,3-74,7 |
Prevalência (%) de realização de refeições em frente à televisão por adolescentes segundo características sociodemográficas e da escola. ERICA, Brasil, 2013-2014.
| Variável | Consumo de refeições em frente à televisão | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Nunca | Às vezes | Quase sempre ou sempre | ||||
|
|
|
| ||||
| % | IC95% | % | IC95% | % | IC95% | |
| Sexo | ||||||
| Feminino | 11,8 | 11,1-12,6 | 31,0 | 29,9-32,2 | 57,1 | 55,6-58,6 |
| Masculino | 13,8 | 12,2-15,4 | 30,2 | 28,8-31,7 | 56,0 | 54,5-57,6 |
| Idade (anos) | ||||||
| 12-14 | 12,3 | 10,9-13,8 | 30,7 | 29,7-31,8 | 57,0 | 55,3-58,6 |
| 15-17 | 13,4 | 12,4-14,4 | 30,5 | 29,4-31,6 | 56,1 | 54,5-57,7 |
| Tipo de escola | ||||||
| Pública | 11,3 | 10,5-12,1 | 30,5 | 29,6-31,5 | 58,2 | 56,7-59,4 |
| Particular | 20,0 | 17,6-22,6 | 31,0 | 29,3-32,8 | 49,0 | 46,7-51,2 |
| Turno de estudo | ||||||
| Manhã | 13,2 | 11,9-14,5 | 29,8 | 28,9-30,8 | 57,0 | 55,5-58,5 |
| Tarde | 12,0 | 11,2-13,0 | 32,4 | 30,9-33,9 | 55,6 | 53,7-57,4 |
| Região geográfica | ||||||
| Norte | 15,5 | 14,5-16,6 | 36,5 | 35,5-37,5 | 48,0 | 46,7-49,3 |
| Nordeste | 11,5 | 10,1-12,9 | 34,9 | 33,3-36,6 | 53,6 | 51,3-55,9 |
| Centro-Oeste | 11,3 | 10,3-12,5 | 26,7 | 25,2-28,3 | 61,9 | 60,3-63,5 |
| Sudeste | 12,0 | 10,3-13,9 | 28,4 | 27,2-29,6 | 59,7 | 57,6-61,7 |
| Sul | 17,8 | 16,3-19,3 | 30,9 | 28,5-33,4 | 51,3 | 48,3-54,4 |
|
| ||||||
| Total | 12,8 | 11,8-13,8 | 30,6 | 29,8-31,4 | 56,6 | 55,4-57,8 |
Consumo de petiscos em frente a telas por adolescentes, segundo características sociodemográficas e da escola. ERICA, Brasil, 2013-2014.
| Variável | Consumo de petiscos em frente às telas | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Nunca | Às vezes | Quase sempre ou sempre | ||||
|
|
|
| ||||
| % | IC95% | % | IC95% | % | IC95% | |
| Sexo | ||||||
| Feminino | 8,6 | 8,0-9,4 | 49,7 | 48,8-50,6 | 41,7 | 40,7-42,6 |
| Masculino | 11,0 | 10,2-12,0 | 51,4 | 50,0-52,7 | 37,6 | 36,2-39,0 |
| Idade (anos) | ||||||
| 12-14 | 9,2 | 8,6-9,8 | 49,5 | 48,3-50,8 | 41,3 | 40,0-42,6 |
| 15-17 | 10,6 | 9,7-11,6 | 51,6 | 50,7-52,6 | 37,8 | 36,6-38,9 |
| Tipo de escola | ||||||
| Pública | 9,7 | 9,1-10,4 | 49,4 | 48,7-50,2 | 40,8 | 40,0-41,7 |
| Particular | 10,4 | 9,2-11,6 | 55,7 | 54,0-57,4 | 33,9 | 32,4-35,4 |
| Turno de estudo | ||||||
| Manhã | 10,1 | 9,4-10,9 | 50,9 | 50,0-51,8 | 39,0 | 38,0-40,0 |
| Tarde | 9,2 | 8,5-10,1 | 49,7 | 48,4-51,2 | 41,0 | 39,5-42,6 |
| Região geográfica | ||||||
| Norte | 15,5 | 14,5-16,5 | 53,6 | 52,2-55,0 | 30,9 | 29,6-32,3 |
| Nordeste | 9,6 | 8,8-10,5 | 51,1 | 48,9-53,3 | 39,3 | 37,5-41,1 |
| Centro-Oeste | 8,8 | 8,1-9,6 | 47,2 | 45,3-49,0 | 44,0 | 42,1-45,9 |
| Sudeste | 9,4 | 8,4-10,5 | 49,7 | 48,6-50,8 | 40,9 | 39,6-42,3 |
| Sul | 8,7 | 7,7-9,8 | 53,2 | 51,7-54,6 | 38,1 | 36,4-39,9 |
|
| ||||||
| Total | 9,8 | 9,3-10,4 | 50,5 | 49,8-51,3 | 39,6 | 38,8-40,5 |