Ikwo K Oboho1, Carrie Reed2, Paul Gargiullo2, Michelle Leon2, Deborah Aragon3, James Meek4, Evan J Anderson5, Patricia Ryan6, Ruth Lynfield7, Craig Morin7, Marisa Bargsten8, Shelley M Zansky9, Brian Fowler10, Ann Thomas11, Mary Lou Lindegren12, William Schaffner12, Ilene Risk13, Lyn Finelli2, Sandra S Chaves2. 1. Epidemic Intelligence Service Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. 2. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. 3. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver. 4. Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven. 5. Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Georgia. 6. Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore. 7. Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul. 8. New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe. 9. New York State Department of Health, Albany. 10. Ohio Department of Health, Columbus. 11. Emerging Infections Program, Oregon Public Health Division, Portland. 12. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. 13. Salt Lake County Health Department, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We describe the impact of early initiation of influenza antiviral treatment among pregnant women hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2010-2014 influenza seasons. METHODS: Severe influenza was defined as illness with ≥1 of the following: intensive care unit admission, need for mechanical ventilation, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, or death. Within severity stratum, we used parametric survival analysis to compare length of stay by timing of antiviral treatment, adjusting for underlying conditions, influenza vaccination, and pregnancy trimester. RESULTS: Among 865 pregnant women, the median age was 27 years (interquartile range [IQR], 23-31 years). Most (68%) were healthy, and 85% received antiviral treatment. Sixty-three women (7%) had severe influenza, and 4 died. Severity was associated with preterm delivery and fetal loss. Women with severe influenza were less likely to be vaccinated than those without severe influenza (14% vs 26%; P = .03). Among women treated with antivirals ≤2 days versus those treated >2 days from illness onset, the median length of stay was 2.2 days (interquartile range [IQR], 0.9-5.8 days; n = 8) versus 7.8 days (IQR, 3.0-20.6 days; n = 7), respectively, for severe influenza (P = .03) and 2.4 days (IQR, 2.3-2.5 days; n = 153) versus 3.1 days (IQR, 2.8-3.5 days; n = 62), respectively, for nonsevere influenza (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Early initiation of influenza antiviral treatment to pregnant women hospitalized with influenza may reduce the length of stay, especially among those with severe influenza. Influenza during pregnancy is associated with maternal and infant morbidity, and annual influenza vaccination is warranted. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
BACKGROUND: We describe the impact of early initiation of influenza antiviral treatment among pregnant women hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2010-2014 influenza seasons. METHODS: Severe influenza was defined as illness with ≥1 of the following: intensive care unit admission, need for mechanical ventilation, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, or death. Within severity stratum, we used parametric survival analysis to compare length of stay by timing of antiviral treatment, adjusting for underlying conditions, influenza vaccination, and pregnancy trimester. RESULTS: Among 865 pregnant women, the median age was 27 years (interquartile range [IQR], 23-31 years). Most (68%) were healthy, and 85% received antiviral treatment. Sixty-three women (7%) had severe influenza, and 4 died. Severity was associated with preterm delivery and fetal loss. Women with severe influenza were less likely to be vaccinated than those without severe influenza (14% vs 26%; P = .03). Among women treated with antivirals ≤2 days versus those treated >2 days from illness onset, the median length of stay was 2.2 days (interquartile range [IQR], 0.9-5.8 days; n = 8) versus 7.8 days (IQR, 3.0-20.6 days; n = 7), respectively, for severe influenza (P = .03) and 2.4 days (IQR, 2.3-2.5 days; n = 153) versus 3.1 days (IQR, 2.8-3.5 days; n = 62), respectively, for nonsevere influenza (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Early initiation of influenza antiviral treatment to pregnant women hospitalized with influenza may reduce the length of stay, especially among those with severe influenza. Influenza during pregnancy is associated with maternal and infant morbidity, and annual influenza vaccination is warranted. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
Entities:
Keywords:
early antiviral treatment; influenza; influenza antiviral treatment; length of stay; pregnancy
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