Danielle M Moskow1, Jean Addington2, Carrie E Bearden3, Kristin S Cadenhead4, Barbara A Cornblatt5, Robert Heinssen6, Daniel H Mathalon7, Thomas H McGlashan8, Diana O Perkins9, Larry J Seidman10, Ming T Tsuang11, Tyrone D Cannon12, Scott W Woods13, Elaine F Walker14. 1. Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: dmoskow@nyspi.columbia.edu. 2. University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. Electronic address: jmadding@ucalgary.ca. 3. Univeristy of California, 300 Medical Plaza Suite 2265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: cbearden@mednet.ucla.edu. 4. University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: kcadenhead@ucsd.edu. 5. Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA. Electronic address: cornblat@lij.edu. 6. National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20893, USA. Electronic address: rheinsse@mail.nih.gov. 7. University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. Electronic address: Daniel.Mathalon@ucsf.edu. 8. Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: thomas.mcglashan@yale.edu. 9. University of North Carolina, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. Electronic address: diana_perkins@med.unc.edu. 10. Harvard University, 55 Friot Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: lseidman@caregroup.harvard.edu. 11. University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: mtsuang@ucsd.edu. 12. Yale University, 1 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: tyrone.cannon@yale.edu. 13. Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: scott.woods@yale.edu. 14. Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: psyefw@emory.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prodromal syndromes often begin in adolescence - a period of neurodevelopmental changes and heightened stress sensitivity. Research has shown elevated stress and cortisol in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. This cross-sectional study examined relations of age and pubertal status with cortisol and self-reported stress in healthy controls (HCs) and CHR adolescents. It was hypothesized that the relations of age and pubertal stage with cortisol and stress would be more pronounced in CHR youth. METHODS: Participants were 93 HCs and 348 CHR adolescents from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). At baseline, measures of stress (Daily Stress Inventory - DSI), Tanner stage (TS), and salivary cortisol were obtained. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed increased DSI scores with age for both groups, and higher DSI scores in CHR adolescents than HCs, with a more pronounced difference for females. Contrary to prediction, with age controlled, HCs showed greater TS-related DSI increases. Analysis of cortisol showed no significant interactions, but a main effect of age and a trend toward higher cortisol in the CHR group. Correlations of cortisol with TS were higher in HC than CHR group. CONCLUSIONS: Stress measures increased with age in HC and CHR adolescents, and DSI scores also increased with TS in HCs. The results do not support a more pronounced age or TS increase in stress measures in CHR adolescents, but instead suggest that stress indices tend to be elevated earlier in adolescence in the CHR group. Potential determinants of findings and future directions are discussed.
BACKGROUND: Prodromal syndromes often begin in adolescence - a period of neurodevelopmental changes and heightened stress sensitivity. Research has shown elevated stress and cortisol in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. This cross-sectional study examined relations of age and pubertal status with cortisol and self-reported stress in healthy controls (HCs) and CHR adolescents. It was hypothesized that the relations of age and pubertal stage with cortisol and stress would be more pronounced in CHR youth. METHODS:Participants were 93 HCs and 348 CHR adolescents from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). At baseline, measures of stress (Daily Stress Inventory - DSI), Tanner stage (TS), and salivary cortisol were obtained. RESULTS:ANCOVA revealed increased DSI scores with age for both groups, and higher DSI scores in CHR adolescents than HCs, with a more pronounced difference for females. Contrary to prediction, with age controlled, HCs showed greater TS-related DSI increases. Analysis of cortisol showed no significant interactions, but a main effect of age and a trend toward higher cortisol in the CHR group. Correlations of cortisol with TS were higher in HC than CHR group. CONCLUSIONS: Stress measures increased with age in HC and CHR adolescents, and DSI scores also increased with TS in HCs. The results do not support a more pronounced age or TS increase in stress measures in CHR adolescents, but instead suggest that stress indices tend to be elevated earlier in adolescence in the CHR group. Potential determinants of findings and future directions are discussed.
Authors: Hanan D Trotman; Carrie W Holtzman; Arthur T Ryan; Daniel I Shapiro; Allison N MacDonald; Sandra M Goulding; Joy L Brasfield; Elaine F Walker Journal: Horm Behav Date: 2013-07 Impact factor: 3.587
Authors: Hanan D Trotman; Carrie W Holtzman; Elaine F Walker; Jean M Addington; Carrie E Bearden; Kristin S Cadenhead; Tyrone D Cannon; Barbara A Cornblatt; Robert K Heinssen; Daniel H Mathalon; Ming T Tsuang; Diana O Perkins; Larry J Seidman; Scott W Woods; Thomas H McGlashan Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2014-11-07 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: W F Blum; P Englaro; S Hanitsch; A Juul; N T Hertel; J Müller; N E Skakkebaek; M L Heiman; M Birkett; A M Attanasio; W Kiess; W Rascher Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 1997-09 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Valeria Mondelli; Paola Dazzan; Nilay Hepgul; Marta Di Forti; Monica Aas; Alessandro D'Albenzio; Marco Di Nicola; Helen Fisher; Rowena Handley; Tiago Reis Marques; Craig Morgan; Serena Navari; Heather Taylor; Andrew Papadopoulos; Katherine J Aitchison; Robin M Murray; Carmine M Pariante Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2009-09-13 Impact factor: 4.939