Claudio Zanettini1,2, Jeffrey D Pressly1, Miguel H Ibarra1, Kelsey R Smith1, Lisa R Gerak3. 1. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr.-mail code 7764, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA. 2. Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. 3. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr.-mail code 7764, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA. gerak@uthscsa.edu.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Gaboxadol is a selective agonist at γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors that contain α4-δ subunits, and it produces anxiolytic and sedative effects. Although adverse effects preclude its clinical use, its mechanism of action suggests that those receptors might provide novel therapeutic targets, particularly for modulators of those GABAA receptor subtypes, by retaining therapeutic effects of gaboxadol and not adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: The current study compared discriminative stimulus effects of gaboxadol with those of modulators acting at GABAA receptors containing α4-δ subunits. MATERIALS: Eight rats discriminated 5.6 mg/kg gaboxadol from vehicle while responding under a fixed - ratio 10 schedule for food. Modulators acting at GABAA receptors containing α4-δ subunits (pregnanolone, ethanol, and flumazenil) and receptors that do not contain those subunits (midazolam) were studied alone; pregnanolone and ethanol were also combined with gaboxadol. In addition, gaboxadol was studied in separate groups discriminating 0.32 mg/kg midazolam, 3.2 mg/kg pregnanolone, or 0.75 g/kg ethanol from vehicle. RESULTS: Gaboxadol produced ≥80 % gaboxadol-lever responding and did not alter rates. No other drug produced, on average, ≥80 % drug-lever responding up to doses that decreased rates, although 1.78 mg/kg midazolam produced 32 % gaboxadol-lever responding. Ethanol and pregnanolone did not enhance the effects of gaboxadol. Rats discriminating midazolam, pregnanolone, or ethanol from vehicle responded predominantly on the vehicle lever after receiving gaboxadol. CONCLUSIONS: Drugs that modulate GABAA receptors containing α4-δ subunits neither mimicked nor enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of gaboxadol, indicating that at least some effects of gaboxadol are not shared with modulators of that GABAA receptor subtype.
RATIONALE: Gaboxadol is a selective agonist at γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors that contain α4-δ subunits, and it produces anxiolytic and sedative effects. Although adverse effects preclude its clinical use, its mechanism of action suggests that those receptors might provide novel therapeutic targets, particularly for modulators of those GABAA receptor subtypes, by retaining therapeutic effects of gaboxadol and not adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: The current study compared discriminative stimulus effects of gaboxadol with those of modulators acting at GABAA receptors containing α4-δ subunits. MATERIALS: Eight rats discriminated 5.6 mg/kg gaboxadol from vehicle while responding under a fixed - ratio 10 schedule for food. Modulators acting at GABAA receptors containing α4-δ subunits (pregnanolone, ethanol, and flumazenil) and receptors that do not contain those subunits (midazolam) were studied alone; pregnanolone and ethanol were also combined with gaboxadol. In addition, gaboxadol was studied in separate groups discriminating 0.32 mg/kg midazolam, 3.2 mg/kg pregnanolone, or 0.75 g/kg ethanol from vehicle. RESULTS:Gaboxadol produced ≥80 % gaboxadol-lever responding and did not alter rates. No other drug produced, on average, ≥80 % drug-lever responding up to doses that decreased rates, although 1.78 mg/kg midazolam produced 32 % gaboxadol-lever responding. Ethanol and pregnanolone did not enhance the effects of gaboxadol. Rats discriminating midazolam, pregnanolone, or ethanol from vehicle responded predominantly on the vehicle lever after receiving gaboxadol. CONCLUSIONS: Drugs that modulate GABAA receptors containing α4-δ subunits neither mimicked nor enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of gaboxadol, indicating that at least some effects of gaboxadol are not shared with modulators of that GABAA receptor subtype.
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