Sofia Cuenca1, Maria J Ruiz-Cano2, Juan Ramón Gimeno-Blanes3, Alfonso Jurado2, Clara Salas4, Iria Gomez-Diaz5, Laura Padron-Barthe6, Jose Javier Grillo7, Carlos Vilches8, Javier Segovia1, Domingo Pascual-Figal3, Enrique Lara-Pezzi6, Lorenzo Monserrat5, Luis Alonso-Pulpon1, Pablo Garcia-Pavia9. 1. Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain. 2. Heart Failure and Heart Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. 3. Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. 4. Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain. 5. Health In Code, A Coruña, Spain. 6. Myocardial Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain. 7. Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain. 8. Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain. 9. Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; Myocardial Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: pablogpavia@yahoo.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most frequent cause of heart transplantation (HTx). The genetic basis of DCM among patients undergoing HTx has been poorly characterized. We sought to determine the genetic basis of familial DCM HTx and to establish the yield of modern next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in this setting. METHODS: Fifty-two heart-transplanted patients due to familial DCM underwent NGS genetic evaluation with a panel of 126 genes related to cardiac conditions (59 associated with DCM). Genetic variants were initially classified as pathogenic mutations or as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Final pathogenicity status was determined by familial cosegregation studies. RESULTS: Initially, 24 pathogenic mutations were found in 21 patients (40%); 25 patients (48%) carried 19 VUS and 6 (12%) did not show any genetic variant. Familial evaluation of 220 relatives from 36 of the 46 families with genetic variants confirmed pathogenicity in 14 patients and allowed reclassification of VUS as pathogenic in 17 patients, and as non-pathogenic in 3 cases. At the end of the study, the DCM-causing mutation was identified in 38 patients (73%) and 5 patients (10%) harbored only VUS. No genetic variants were identified in 9 cases (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The genetic spectrum of familial DCM patients undergoing HTx is heterogeneous and involves multiple genes. NGS technology plus detailed familial studies allow identification of causative mutations in the vast majority of familial DCM cases. Detailed familial studies remain critical to determine the pathogenicity of underlying genetic defects in a substantial number of cases.
BACKGROUND:Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most frequent cause of heart transplantation (HTx). The genetic basis of DCM among patients undergoing HTx has been poorly characterized. We sought to determine the genetic basis of familial DCM HTx and to establish the yield of modern next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in this setting. METHODS: Fifty-two heart-transplanted patients due to familial DCM underwent NGS genetic evaluation with a panel of 126 genes related to cardiac conditions (59 associated with DCM). Genetic variants were initially classified as pathogenic mutations or as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Final pathogenicity status was determined by familial cosegregation studies. RESULTS: Initially, 24 pathogenic mutations were found in 21 patients (40%); 25 patients (48%) carried 19 VUS and 6 (12%) did not show any genetic variant. Familial evaluation of 220 relatives from 36 of the 46 families with genetic variants confirmed pathogenicity in 14 patients and allowed reclassification of VUS as pathogenic in 17 patients, and as non-pathogenic in 3 cases. At the end of the study, the DCM-causing mutation was identified in 38 patients (73%) and 5 patients (10%) harbored only VUS. No genetic variants were identified in 9 cases (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The genetic spectrum of familial DCMpatients undergoing HTx is heterogeneous and involves multiple genes. NGS technology plus detailed familial studies allow identification of causative mutations in the vast majority of familial DCM cases. Detailed familial studies remain critical to determine the pathogenicity of underlying genetic defects in a substantial number of cases.
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