Jacob H G Grand1,2, Robert S Stawski3, Stuart W S MacDonald1,2. 1. a Department of Psychology , University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , Canada. 2. c Centre on Aging, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , Canada. 3. b School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Recent theorizing differentiates key constraints on cognition, including one's current range of processing efficiency (i.e., flexibility or inconsistency) as well as the capacity to expand flexibility over time (i.e., plasticity). The present study uses intensive assessment of response time data to examine the interplay between markers of intraindividual variability (inconsistency) and gains across biweekly retest sessions (plasticity) in relation to age-related cognitive function. METHOD: Participants included 304 adults (aged 64 to 92 years: M = 74.02, SD = 5.95) from Project MIND, a longitudinal burst design study assessing performance across micro and macro intervals (response latency trials, weekly bursts, annual retests). For two reaction time (RT) measures (choice RT and one-back choice RT), baseline measures of RT inconsistency (intraindividual standard deviation, ISD, across trials at the first testing session) and plasticity (within-person performance gains in average RT across the 5 biweekly burst sessions) were computed and were then employed in linear mixed models as predictors of individual differences in cognitive function and longitudinal (6-year) rates of cognitive change. RESULTS: Independent of chronological age and years of education, higher RT inconsistency was associated uniformly with poorer cognitive function at baseline and with increased cognitive decline for measures of episodic memory and crystallized verbal ability. In contrast, predictive associations for plasticity were more modest for baseline cognitive function and were absent for 6-year cognitive change. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the potential utility of response times for articulating inconsistency and plasticity as dynamic predictors of cognitive function in older adults.
INTRODUCTION: Recent theorizing differentiates key constraints on cognition, including one's current range of processing efficiency (i.e., flexibility or inconsistency) as well as the capacity to expand flexibility over time (i.e., plasticity). The present study uses intensive assessment of response time data to examine the interplay between markers of intraindividual variability (inconsistency) and gains across biweekly retest sessions (plasticity) in relation to age-related cognitive function. METHOD:Participants included 304 adults (aged 64 to 92 years: M = 74.02, SD = 5.95) from Project MIND, a longitudinal burst design study assessing performance across micro and macro intervals (response latency trials, weekly bursts, annual retests). For two reaction time (RT) measures (choice RT and one-back choice RT), baseline measures of RT inconsistency (intraindividual standard deviation, ISD, across trials at the first testing session) and plasticity (within-person performance gains in average RT across the 5 biweekly burst sessions) were computed and were then employed in linear mixed models as predictors of individual differences in cognitive function and longitudinal (6-year) rates of cognitive change. RESULTS: Independent of chronological age and years of education, higher RT inconsistency was associated uniformly with poorer cognitive function at baseline and with increased cognitive decline for measures of episodic memory and crystallized verbal ability. In contrast, predictive associations for plasticity were more modest for baseline cognitive function and were absent for 6-year cognitive change. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the potential utility of response times for articulating inconsistency and plasticity as dynamic predictors of cognitive function in older adults.
Authors: Ging-Yuek R Hsiung; Alan Donald; Jacob Grand; Sandra E Black; Remi W Bouchard; Serge G Gauthier; Inge Loy-English; David B Hogan; Andrew Kertesz; Kenneth Rockwood; Howard H Feldman Journal: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Date: 2006-09-11 Impact factor: 2.959
Authors: Esther Strauss; Allison A M Bielak; David Bunce; Michael A Hunter; David F Hultsch Journal: Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn Date: 2007-11
Authors: Elizabeth Munoz; Robert S Stawski; Martin J Sliwinski; Joshua M Smyth; Stuart W S MacDonald Journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Date: 2020-01-14 Impact factor: 4.077
Authors: Drew W R Halliday; Jodie R Gawryluk; Mauricio A Garcia-Barrera; Stuart W S MacDonald Journal: Front Hum Neurosci Date: 2019-10-15 Impact factor: 3.169