Krista M Lisdahl1, Leanne Tamm2, Jeffery N Epstein2, Terry Jernigan3, Brooke S G Molina4, Stephen P Hinshaw5, James M Swanson6, Erik Newman3, Clare Kelly7, James M Bjork8. 1. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Psychology Department, 2441 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States. Electronic address: krista.medina@gmail.com. 2. Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML10006, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States. 3. University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0115, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States. 4. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. 5. University of California-Berkeley, Department of Psychology, Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, United States. 6. University of California, Irvine, 19722 MacArthur Boulevard, Irvine, CA 92612, United States. 7. The Child Center at New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States. 8. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Both Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and chronic cannabis (CAN) use have been associated with brain structural abnormalities, although little is known about the effects of both in young adults. METHODS: Participants included: those with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD who were CAN users (ADHD_CAN; n=37) and non-users (NU) (ADHD_NU; n=44) and a local normative comparison group (LNCG) who did (LNCG_CAN; n=18) and did not (LNCG_NU; n=21) use CAN regularly. Multiple regressions and MANCOVAs were used to examine the independent and interactive effects of a childhood ADHD diagnosis and CAN group status and age of onset (CUO) on subcortical volumes and cortical thickness. RESULTS: After controlling for age, gender, total brain volume, nicotine use, and past-year binge drinking, childhood ADHD diagnosis did not predict brain structure; however, persistence of ADHD was associated with smaller left precentral/postcentral cortical thickness. Compared to all non-users, CAN users had decreased cortical thickness in right hemisphere superior frontal sulcus, anterior cingulate, and isthmus of cingulate gyrus regions and left hemisphere superior frontal sulcus and precentral gyrus regions. Early cannabis use age of onset (CUO) in those with ADHD predicted greater right hemisphere superior frontal and postcentral cortical thickness. DISCUSSION: Young adults with persistent ADHD demonstrated brain structure abnormalities in regions underlying motor control, working memory and inhibitory control. Further, CAN use was linked with abnormal brain structure in regions with high concentrations of cannabinoid receptors. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to clarify how substance use impacts neurodevelopment in youth with and without ADHD.
BACKGROUND: Both Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and chronic cannabis (CAN) use have been associated with brain structural abnormalities, although little is known about the effects of both in young adults. METHODS:Participants included: those with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD who were CAN users (ADHD_CAN; n=37) and non-users (NU) (ADHD_NU; n=44) and a local normative comparison group (LNCG) who did (LNCG_CAN; n=18) and did not (LNCG_NU; n=21) use CAN regularly. Multiple regressions and MANCOVAs were used to examine the independent and interactive effects of a childhood ADHD diagnosis and CAN group status and age of onset (CUO) on subcortical volumes and cortical thickness. RESULTS: After controlling for age, gender, total brain volume, nicotine use, and past-year binge drinking, childhood ADHD diagnosis did not predict brain structure; however, persistence of ADHD was associated with smaller left precentral/postcentral cortical thickness. Compared to all non-users, CAN users had decreased cortical thickness in right hemisphere superior frontal sulcus, anterior cingulate, and isthmus of cingulate gyrus regions and left hemisphere superior frontal sulcus and precentral gyrus regions. Early cannabis use age of onset (CUO) in those with ADHD predicted greater right hemisphere superior frontal and postcentral cortical thickness. DISCUSSION: Young adults with persistent ADHD demonstrated brain structure abnormalities in regions underlying motor control, working memory and inhibitory control. Further, CAN use was linked with abnormal brain structure in regions with high concentrations of cannabinoid receptors. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to clarify how substance use impacts neurodevelopment in youth with and without ADHD.
Authors: Golfo K Tzilos; Christina B Cintron; Jonas B R Wood; Norah S Simpson; Ashley D Young; Harrison G Pope; Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd Journal: Am J Addict Date: 2005 Jan-Feb
Authors: Philip Shaw; Pietro De Rossi; Bethany Watson; Amy Wharton; Deanna Greenstein; Armin Raznahan; Wendy Sharp; Jason P Lerch; M Mallar Chakravarty Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2014-05-20 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Craig G McDonald; Vernon K Dailey; Hadley C Bergstrom; Tracey L Wheeler; Amy K Eppolito; Laura N Smith; Robert F Smith Journal: Neurosci Lett Date: 2005-09-09 Impact factor: 3.046
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Pingault; Richard E Tremblay; Frank Vitaro; René Carbonneau; Christophe Genolini; Bruno Falissard; Sylvana M Côté Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2011-07-28 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Krista Lisdahl Medina; Tim McQueeny; Bonnie J Nagel; Karen L Hanson; Tony T Yang; Susan F Tapert Journal: Addict Biol Date: 2009-07-24 Impact factor: 4.280
Authors: Kristin E Maple; Alicia M Thomas; Megan M Kangiser; Krista M Lisdahl Journal: Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging Date: 2019-04-30 Impact factor: 2.376
Authors: Sarah D Lichenstein; Nick Manco; Lora M Cope; Leslie Egbo; Kathleen A Garrison; Jillian Hardee; Ansel T Hillmer; Kristen Reeder; Elisa F Stern; Patrick Worhunsky; Sarah W Yip Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2021-11-27 Impact factor: 8.294
Authors: Clare Kelly; F Xavier Castellanos; Olivia Tomaselli; Krista Lisdahl; Leanne Tamm; Terry Jernigan; Erik Newman; Jeffery N Epstein; Brooke S G Molina; Laurence L Greenhill; Steven G Potkin; Stephen Hinshaw; James M Swanson Journal: Neuroimage Clin Date: 2016-09-15 Impact factor: 4.881
Authors: Skyler Shollenbarger; Alicia M Thomas; Natasha E Wade; Staci A Gruber; Susan F Tapert; Francesca M Filbey; Krista M Lisdahl Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2019-11-01
Authors: John T Mitchell; Maggie M Sweitzer; Angela M Tunno; Scott H Kollins; F Joseph McClernon Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-05-26 Impact factor: 3.240