Aslak Harbo Poulsen1, Mette Sørensen2, Zorana J Andersen3, Matthias Ketzel4, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen2,4. 1. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Aslak@Cancer.dk. 2. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. 3. Department of Public Health, Center for Epidemiology and Screening, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Air pollution is an established lung carcinogen, and there is increasing evidence that air pollution also negatively affects the brain. We have previously reported an association between air pollution and risk of brain tumors in a cohort study based on only 95 cases. We set out to replicate that finding in a large nationwide case-control study. METHODS: We identified all 4,183 adult brain tumor cases in Denmark in the years 2000-2009 and 8,018 risk set sampled population controls matched on gender and year of birth. We extracted residential address histories and estimated mean residential nitrogen oxides (NO x ) concentrations since 1971 with a validated dispersion model. Categorical and linear odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: The highest risk estimates for any brain cancer were observed among subjects with the highest average exposure levels (80-99 µg/m(3): OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.82-1.96; ≥100 µg/m(3): 1.40, 95 % CI 0.87-2.26 as compared to <20 µg/m(3) NO x ), but there was no increased OR at NO x levels below 80 µg/m(3) and when modeled linearly there was no significant association with risk of brain cancer (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.84-1.46 per 100 µg/m(3) NO x ). In sub-analysis the OR associated with exposures ≥100 µg/m(3) was 2.30 (95% CI 1.15-4.59) for non-glioma and 0.89 (95% CI 0.44-1.77) for glioma. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not support the relatively strong linear association between air pollution and risk of brain tumors which was found in our previous study. The suggestion of an increased brain tumor risk at high exposures merits further attention as does the differing results according to tumor morphology.
PURPOSE: Air pollution is an established lung carcinogen, and there is increasing evidence that air pollution also negatively affects the brain. We have previously reported an association between air pollution and risk of brain tumors in a cohort study based on only 95 cases. We set out to replicate that finding in a large nationwide case-control study. METHODS: We identified all 4,183 adult brain tumor cases in Denmark in the years 2000-2009 and 8,018 risk set sampled population controls matched on gender and year of birth. We extracted residential address histories and estimated mean residential nitrogen oxides (NO x ) concentrations since 1971 with a validated dispersion model. Categorical and linear odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: The highest risk estimates for any brain cancer were observed among subjects with the highest average exposure levels (80-99 µg/m(3): OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.82-1.96; ≥100 µg/m(3): 1.40, 95 % CI 0.87-2.26 as compared to <20 µg/m(3) NO x ), but there was no increased OR at NO x levels below 80 µg/m(3) and when modeled linearly there was no significant association with risk of brain cancer (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.84-1.46 per 100 µg/m(3) NO x ). In sub-analysis the OR associated with exposures ≥100 µg/m(3) was 2.30 (95% CI 1.15-4.59) for non-glioma and 0.89 (95% CI 0.44-1.77) for glioma. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not support the relatively strong linear association between air pollution and risk of brain tumors which was found in our previous study. The suggestion of an increased brain tumor risk at high exposures merits further attention as does the differing results according to tumor morphology.
Entities:
Keywords:
Air pollution; Brain cancer; Epidemiology; Nitrous oxides
Authors: Michelle C Turner; Zorana J Andersen; Andrea Baccarelli; W Ryan Diver; Susan M Gapstur; C Arden Pope; Diddier Prada; Jonathan Samet; George Thurston; Aaron Cohen Journal: CA Cancer J Clin Date: 2020-08-25 Impact factor: 508.702
Authors: Michelle C Turner; Daniel Krewski; W Ryan Diver; C Arden Pope; Richard T Burnett; Michael Jerrett; Julian D Marshall; Susan M Gapstur Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2017-08-21 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Zorana J Andersen; Marie Pedersen; Gudrun Weinmayr; Massimo Stafoggia; Claudia Galassi; Jeanette T Jørgensen; Johan N Sommar; Bertil Forsberg; David Olsson; Bente Oftedal; Gunn Marit Aasvang; Per Schwarze; Andrei Pyko; Göran Pershagen; Michal Korek; Ulf De Faire; Claes-Göran Östenson; Laura Fratiglioni; Kirsten T Eriksen; Aslak H Poulsen; Anne Tjønneland; Elvira Vaclavik Bräuner; Petra H Peeters; Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Andrea Jaensch; Gabriele Nagel; Alois Lang; Meng Wang; Ming-Yi Tsai; Sara Grioni; Alessandro Marcon; Vittorio Krogh; Fulvio Ricceri; Carlotta Sacerdote; Enrica Migliore; Roel Vermeulen; Ranjeet Sokhi; Menno Keuken; Kees de Hoogh; Rob Beelen; Paolo Vineis; Giulia Cesaroni; Bert Brunekreef; Gerard Hoek; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen Journal: Neuro Oncol Date: 2018-02-19 Impact factor: 12.300
Authors: Anna H Wu; Jun Wu; Chiuchen Tseng; Juan Yang; Salma Shariff-Marco; Scott Fruin; Timothy Larson; Veronica W Setiawan; Shahir Masri; Jacqueline Porcel; Jennifer Jain; Thomas C Chen; Daniel O Stram; Loïc Le Marchand; Beate Ritz; Iona Cheng Journal: JNCI Cancer Spectr Date: 2020-01-03
Authors: Scott Weichenthal; Toyib Olaniyan; Tanya Christidis; Eric Lavigne; Marianne Hatzopoulou; Keith Van Ryswyk; Michael Tjepkema; Rick Burnett Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2020-03 Impact factor: 4.860