Eveline A Crone1,2, Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde1,2, Jiska S Peper1,2. 1. Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. 2. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Risk-taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. In addition, risk-taking is thought to be a key element of many externalizing disorders, such as ADHD, delinquency, conduct disorder, and substance abuse. In this review, we will discuss the potential adaptive and nonadaptive properties of risk-taking in childhood and adolescence. FINDINGS: We propose that the changes in brain architecture and function are a crucial element underlying these developmental trajectories. We first identify how subcortical and cortical interactions are important for understanding risk-taking behavior in adults. Next, we show how developmental changes in this network underlie changes in risk-taking behavior. Finally, we explore how these differences can be important for understanding externalizing behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that longitudinal studies are of crucial importance for understanding these developmental trajectories, and many of these studies are currently underway.
BACKGROUND: Risk-taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. In addition, risk-taking is thought to be a key element of many externalizing disorders, such as ADHD, delinquency, conduct disorder, and substance abuse. In this review, we will discuss the potential adaptive and nonadaptive properties of risk-taking in childhood and adolescence. FINDINGS: We propose that the changes in brain architecture and function are a crucial element underlying these developmental trajectories. We first identify how subcortical and cortical interactions are important for understanding risk-taking behavior in adults. Next, we show how developmental changes in this network underlie changes in risk-taking behavior. Finally, we explore how these differences can be important for understanding externalizing behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that longitudinal studies are of crucial importance for understanding these developmental trajectories, and many of these studies are currently underway.
Authors: Anita D Barber; Deepak K Sarpal; Majnu John; Christina L Fales; Stewart H Mostofsky; Anil K Malhotra; Katherine H Karlsgodt; Todd Lencz Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2019-02-06 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Genesis A Vergara; Jeremy G Stewart; Elizabeth A Cosby; Sarah Hope Lincoln; Randy P Auerbach Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2018-11-13 Impact factor: 4.839