One new species and two new records of the genus Aeolothrips from Iran (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Aeolothripidae).

Aeolothrips gundeliae sp. n. is described, and two bicolored species of the same genus, Aeolothrips ericae Bagnall and Aeolothrips albithorax Pelikan are newly reported from northeast of Iran. Diagnostic characters are provided for each species as well as illustrations to distinguish these species.

Introduction

Most species in the order are placed in one of the two families, or . , with more than 202 extant species and 23 genera, is ranked as the second largest family of suborder after (ThripsWiki 2015). Aeolothripids are mainly distributed in the temperate parts of the world, although members of several genera are restricted to the tropics. Those are mainly flower living phytophagous specices, or facultative predators of other arthropods (Reynaud 2010). A few species can be found living at ground level as obligate PageBreakpredators (ThripsWiki 2015). Approximately 60% of the described species in this family are placed either in the Holarctic genus Haliday or in the Australian genus Hood, with 103 and 20 species respectively (ThripsWiki 2015). The remaining known species of this family are distributed between 21 genera.

In Iran, the main aeolothripid genus, , comprises many species (Minaei 2013a). There has recently been a remarkable increase in the number of taxonomic studies on this genus, with the number of species known from Iran increasing from 12 (Bhatti et al. 2009) to 17 (Minaei 2013b), and with four new species in the most recent studies (Minaei 2014, 2015; Alavi et al. 2015). In this paper one further new species of is described from Iran.

Material and methods

The specimens were collected from various places of the northeastern province of Iran, Khorasan-e shomali, during spring of 2014, by shaking or beating flowers onto a white plastic tray. The fallen thrips were then removed from tray surface into the vials containing 95% alcohol using a fine brush. Thrips specimens were mounted onto slides in Canada balsam by minor changes in protocol given by Bisevac (1997). Morphological terminology follows that of Mound and Marullo (1998) and zur Strassen (2003). All measurements were made with a Micros MCX100 microscope; measurements in descriptions are given in micrometers. Photomicrographs were captured using a Motic BA310 microscope with Motic Image Plus 2.0ML software.

Type deposition. The female holotype and one male paratype of sp. n., one female and one male of , and two females of are deposited in , , Tehran. Furthermore, one paratype female and one paratype male of the new species are deposited in the Senckenberg Natural History Museum, Frankfurt.

Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum

Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Taxonomy

Pelikan, 1964

Figs 1–8

Figures 1–8.

Female: (1–4): 1 Body 2 Antenn 3 Head & pronotum 4 Fore wing. Male (5–8): 5 Body 6 Antenna 7 Middle coxae 8 Abdominal tergites VIII–X.

Note.

Described from Tajikistan (central Asia), this is the first report of this species outside its type locality. Collected originally from “low herbages” and “ sp.” (Pelikan 1964), we collected it only on .

Material examined.

IRAN, Khorasan-e shomali province, from flowers of (), all collected by J. Alavi: 11 females, 3 males, Bojnourd, Ghuch-ghaleh village, 16 April 2014; 1 male, Bojnourd, Rakhtian village, 21 April 2014; 1 female, Esfarayen, Pelmis spring, 27 April 2014; 1 female, Bojnourd, Chahar-kharvar village, 4 May 2014.

Diagnosis.

Female distinctly bicolored, lemon yellow prothorax in sharp contrast to the rest of the dark brown body (Fig. 1); legs brown. Antennal segment I yellowish grey, II and III yellow, III rather abruptly brown in distal half (Fig. 2). Submedian pair of posteromarginal setae on pronotum longer and stouter than others (Fig. 3). Fore wings with two brown cross bands, connected with dark posteromarginal vein between them (Fig. 4).

Males generally similar to females but paler and smaller (Figs 5–6). Middle coxae without stridulatory structure (Fig. 7). Abdominal tergites IV–VI without dorsal tubercles. Segment IX without claspers, posterior margin of tergite IX convex medially (Fig. 8).

Bagnall, 1920

Figs 9–18

Figures 9–18.

. Female (9–14): 9–10 Body 11 Antennal segments II–XI 12 Head & pronotum 13 Wing 14 Abdominal tergites I–II. Male (15–17): 15 Body 16 Antenna 17 Middle coxae 18 Abdominal tergites VIII–X.

Described from England on flowers of , this species is widespread across western Eurasia, and introduced to North America (zur Strassen 2003, Hoddle et al. 2015). It is usually found on flowering ( and ) but also on various (zur Strassen 2003, Hoddle et al. 2015). This is the first record of this species from Iran.

IRAN, Khorasan-e shomali province, all collected by J. Alavi: 1 female, Bojnourd, Oter-abad village, from flowering (), 12 May 2014; 1 female, Ashkhaneh, Biyar falls, from flowering (), 30 May 2014; 1 female, same location and date, from flowering (). 4 females, Ashkhaneh, Darkesh village, from flowering (), 30 May 2014; 2 females, same location and date, from flowering ; 1 female, Ashkhaneh, Hawer village, from flowering (), 30 May 20; 3 females, same location and date, from flowering (). GERMANY, 1 female, Baden-Württemberg, Reichenbach, from herbs and grasses, 1 June 2012, collected by M. Ulitzaka. NORWAY, all collected by S. Kobro: 1 female and 1 male, Haoya, from (), 29 June 1996; 1 female, Aurland, from (), 30 June 1998; 1 female, Aurland, from , 30 June 1998; 1 female, Fagerstrand, from , 5 July 1998; 1 male, Eidfjord, from (), 31 May 1999; 1 female, Steigen, from (), 14 July 1999; 1 male, Horten, from , 2 July 1999.

Female distinctly bicolored, generally brown with abdominal segment II and/or III yellow to yellowish brown (Fig. 9), sometimes (in European specimens) all abdominal segments uniformly brown (Fig. 10), segment X orange-yellow, much paler than VIII–IX (Figs 9–10); Antennal segment I greyish yellow, II–III yellow, III brown in distal one third (Fig. 11). Pronotum with about 40 discal setae (Fig. 12). Fore wings with two separate long brown cross bands, 2–3 times as long as intervening white area (Fig. 13). Abdominal tergite I without campaniform sensilla (Fig. 14).

Males paler and smaller than females (Fig. 15–16). Middle coxae with stridulatory structure (Fig. 17). Abdominal tergites III–VIII with dorsal tubercles. Segment IX with bifurcate claspers and sickle–shaped setae laterally (Fig. 18).

Remarks.

The bicolored body pattern in some specimens of makes the species resemble only Haliday, but it is distinguished from that ant-mimic species by its well-developed wings (versus usually short wings) and shorter and stouter antenna. Moreover, males of with bifurcate claspers are readily distinguishable from males. The male of is also similar in color and structure to , but it is distinguished from the latter by having distinctly longer cross-bands on fore wings and also shorter distance of median setae S1from each other.

sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/25D34F9B-C959-4C5F-80A6-42EFA834E136

Figs 19–33

Figures 19–33.

sp. n. Female (19–33): 19 Body 20 Antenna 21 Fore wing 22 Head & pronotum 23 Meso- and metanotum (Holotype) 24 Mesonotum (Paratype) 25 Abdominal tergites I–II 26 Abdominal sternite VII (Holotype) 27 Abdominal sternite VII (Paratype, arrows indicate lateral discal seta) 28 Spermatheca (arrows indicate spiniform chitinous processes). Male (29–33): 29 Body 30 Antenna 31 Middle coxae 32 Abdominal tergites III–VI 33 Abdominal tergites VIII– X.

Holotype female: IRAN, Khorasan-e shomalii province, Bojnourd, Sar-cheshmeh village, from flowering (), 26 April 2014, collected by J. Alavi.

Paratypes: (all from IRAN, Khorasan-e shomalii province, from flowering , collected by J. Alavi): 25 females, 7 males, same data as holotype;1 female, Raz, Kargaz village, 10 May 2014; 1 female, Bojnourd, Tatar village, 12 May 2014; 2 females, Shirvan, 20 km after Lojali village, 7 June 2014.

Description.

Female macroptera. Head wider than long, cheeks convex (Fig. 22); vertex with 6–7 pairs of preocellar setae in front of ocellar triangle; postocular area with 8–9 pairs of setae in 2–3 transverse rows. Antennal segment III with straight liner sensorium, extending to apical third of segment (or more), not reaching to half length of the segment; IV with sensorium curved at apex, extending at most to basal half of the segments, surpassing extreme distal tip of segment (Fig. 20).

Pronotum distinctly sculptured, with about 50 small setae, with 5–6 pairs of posteromarginal setae (Fig. 22). Mesonotum with 1 pair of median setae (Fig. 23), in a few paratypes with 3–4 median setae (Fig. 24). Metanotum with equiangular reticulation medially, without internal markings (Fig. 23). Forewing first cross vein situated in the middle of the first cross band, second cross vein at the basal part of the second cross band (Fig. 21); scale with 6–10 (usually 8) veinal setae.

Abdominal tergite I with distinct transverse striations medially and laterally (Fig. 25); . Abdominal sternites with distinct transverse striations; sternite II with 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae, median pair far from posterior margin; III–VI with 4 pairs; VII with 4 pairs of which the last lateral pair is far from posterior margin, the distance of S1 setae from each other usually approximately equals to that of S1from S2 (Figs 26–27); sternites II–VI each with 0–3 median discal setae (in holotype, II–V each with 1seta, and VI with 2 setae); sternite VII with 2 pairs of accessory setae, arranged besides each other, far from posterior margin (Fig. 27–28). In two paratypes sternite VII with 1 or 2 (one seta in each side) discal setae laterally in addition to 2 pairs of accessory setae submedially (Fig. 27). Spermatheca structurally very similar to that of tenuicornis (see: Bhatti 1988), but slightly smaller and thinner, with fewer number of spiniform chitinous processes (Fig. 28).

Measurements (holotype female in microns). Body distended length 1900. Head length (width across cheeks) 135 (171). Antenna length 420; segments I–IX length (width): 32 (22), 54 (27), 88 (24), 76 (25), 66 (25), 20 (20), 17 (17), 16 (12), 15 (7). Pronotal median length (width) 140 (220), Pterothorax ventral length (width) 350 (300). Mesonotum median setae length (interval) 17 (42), strong lateral setae length 37. Metanotum anteromarginal setae length (interval) 25 (44), posterior setae length (interval) 15 (25). Fore wings length 940, width across 1st anterior cross vein 122, across second cross vein 135, the cross bands length along the anterior margin 270 and 230–250, the intervening white area length 150. Tibia length: 165, 150, and 250. Tergite IX median length 105, S1 length 159, S2 length 171. Ovipositor length 390.

Male macroptera. Body pale brown (Fig. 29), sometimes seems bicolor; head prothorax and mesothorax brown, metathorax pale brown, abdominal segment I pale brown, II–VI pale brown to yellowish brown, VII–X brown. Legs yellowish brown, fore tibiae yellow, all tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I pale brown; II–IV yellow; III–IV with apical margins light brown; V–IX light brown; V lighter in distal two thirds PageBreakPageBreak(Fig. 30). Mesonotum with 1–3 pairs of median setae. Middle coxae with stridulatory structure (Fig. 31). Abdominal tergites IV–VI with dorsal tubercles (Fig. 32). Sternites III with 0–6; IV with 3–6; V with 3–6; VI with 2–7 and VII with 2–5 discal setae. Segment IX with bifurcate claspers, and with sickle-shaped setae laterally (Fig. 33), with dark dorsal plate rounded anteriorly, campaniform sensilla situated out of dorsal dark plate, posterior margin concave medially, semilateral setae short, only slightly surpassing the dorsal furcate claspers, two median setae S1 rather long and curved (Fig. 33).

Measurements (paratype male, in microns). Body distended length 1350. Head length (width across cheeks) 118 (157). Antenna length 360, segments I–IX length (width): 27 (28), 51 (20), 71–76 (20), 60 (22), 56 (23), 13 (18), 12 (15), 12 (12), 10 (6). Mesonotum median setae length (interval) 17 (26–36), strong lateral setae length 27. Fore wings length 780–840, width across 1st anterior cross vein 100, across second cross vein 115, the cross bands length along the anterior margin 120 and 160, the interval white area length 140. Abdominal tergite I length 120–127. Tergite IX median length 76, semilateral setae length (interval) 41–46 (137), length of dorsal setae S1 49, S2 25.

Etymology.

This species is named after the genus of plant from which it was collected.

Possession of discal setae on sternites is not usual in the genus . This condition can be seen at least in two other aberrant species, the Indian species, Kulshrestha & Vijay Veer, which has one pair of discal setae laterally on sternite VII in female (Kulshrestha and Vijay Veer 1984), and the African species Moulton, with 2–3 pairs of discal setae laterally on sternites VI–VII in female.

Female of sp. n. is distinguished from by presence of discal setae on sternites II–VI (0–3) and in the same time there is no discal seta on sternite VII (except two paratypes as explained above). Moreover, they are different in mesonotal median setae (1–2 pairs versus 1 pair) and color of fore wing apex (white versus shaded). Female of especially characterized by the spiny fore tibia on dorsal side, and long pronotal posteromarginal seta. Male of the new species is distinguished from and by having claspers and having several discal setae on sternites.

The new species shares some characters with the Australian genus Hood, such as presence of discal setae on sternites as well as presence of more than one pair of mesonotal setae in some specimens. But in sp. n., sternal discal setae III–VI are placed medially (versus laterally in ). Additionally, sternite VII has 2 pairs of accessory setae submedially between marginal setae S1 and S2, whereas in in addition to the marginal setae, sternite VII has discal setae laterally and sometimes medially, as well as 2 pairs of accessory setae submarginally between marginal setae S1 and S2 (Mound and Marullo 1998, Mound 1972). Finally, apex of fore wing of the new species is not shaded in contrast to species (except Mound & Marullo, 1998).

sp. n. was collected only on from various areas of the province. Furthermore, this species was observed in 6 of 10 samplings on this plant; so, it seems likely to be a monophagous species on this plant.